ZTE Communications ›› 2022, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (S1): 72-78.DOI: 10.12142/ZTECOM.2022S1010
• Review • Previous Articles
HAN Jiren(
), GAO Yin
Online:2022-01-25
Published:2022-03-01
About author:HAN Jiren (HAN Jiren, GAO Yin. General Introduction of Non-Terrestrial Networks for New Radio[J]. ZTE Communications, 2022, 20(S1): 72-78.
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URL: https://zte.magtechjournal.com/EN/10.12142/ZTECOM.2022S1010
Figure 1 Typical scenario of non-terrestrial networks based on transparent payload
Figure 2 Typical scenario of non-terrestrial networks based on regenerative payload
| Platform | Altitude Range/km | Orbit | Typical Beam Footprint Size/km |
|---|---|---|---|
| LEO satellite | 300–1 500 | Circular around the earth | 100–1 000 |
| MEO satellite | 7 000–25 000 | 100–1 000 | |
| GEO satellite | 35 786 | Notional station keeping position fixed in terms of elevation/azimuth with respect to a given earth point | 200–3 500 |
| UAS platform (including HAPS) | 8–50 (20 for HAPS) | 5–200 | |
| HEO satellite | 400–50 000 | Elliptical around the earth | 200–3 500 |
Table 1 Types of NTN platforms
| Platform | Altitude Range/km | Orbit | Typical Beam Footprint Size/km |
|---|---|---|---|
| LEO satellite | 300–1 500 | Circular around the earth | 100–1 000 |
| MEO satellite | 7 000–25 000 | 100–1 000 | |
| GEO satellite | 35 786 | Notional station keeping position fixed in terms of elevation/azimuth with respect to a given earth point | 200–3 500 |
| UAS platform (including HAPS) | 8–50 (20 for HAPS) | 5–200 | |
| HEO satellite | 400–50 000 | Elliptical around the earth | 200–3 500 |
| Non-Terrestrial Access Network | Transparent Satellite | Regenerative Satellite |
|---|---|---|
| GEO based non-terrestrial access network | Scenario A | Scenario B |
LEO based non-terrestrial access network: steerable beams | Scenario C1 | Scenario D1 |
LEO based non-terrestrial access network: beams moving with the satellite | Scenario C2 | Scenario D2 |
Table 2 Reference scenarios
| Non-Terrestrial Access Network | Transparent Satellite | Regenerative Satellite |
|---|---|---|
| GEO based non-terrestrial access network | Scenario A | Scenario B |
LEO based non-terrestrial access network: steerable beams | Scenario C1 | Scenario D1 |
LEO based non-terrestrial access network: beams moving with the satellite | Scenario C2 | Scenario D2 |
Figure 3 Transparent satellite, without gNB on board
Figure 4 Regenerative satellite with gNB on board: (a) without ISL; (b) with ISL
Figure 5 Regenerative satellite with gNB-DU on board
Figure 6 Dual connectivity involving (a) transparent NTN-based NG-RAN and cellular NG-RAN and (b) regenerative NTN-based NG-RAN (gNB-DU) and cellular NG-RAN
Figure 7 Multi-connectivity between (a) two transparent NTN-based NG-RANs and (b) two regenerative NTN-based NG-RANs (gNB on board)
| NTN Handover Scenario | Transparent Satellite | Regenerative Satellite (gNB on Board) | Regenerative Satellite (gNB-DU on Board) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intra-satellite handover | Intra-gNB handover procedure or inter-gNB handover procedure | Intra-gNB handover procedure | Intra-gNB-CU mobility/intra-gNB-DU handover or inter-gNB-CU handover |
| Inter-satellite handover | Inter-gNB handover procedure or intra-gNB handover procedure | Inter-gNB handover procedure | Intra-gNB-CU mobility/inter-gNB-DU mobility or inter-gNB-CU handover |
| Inter-access handover | Inter AMF/UPF handover procedure or intra AMF/UPF handover procedure (out of RAN scope) | Intra-gNB handover procedure or inter-gNB hanover procedure |
Table 3 NG-RAN procedures versus NTN handover scenarios
| NTN Handover Scenario | Transparent Satellite | Regenerative Satellite (gNB on Board) | Regenerative Satellite (gNB-DU on Board) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intra-satellite handover | Intra-gNB handover procedure or inter-gNB handover procedure | Intra-gNB handover procedure | Intra-gNB-CU mobility/intra-gNB-DU handover or inter-gNB-CU handover |
| Inter-satellite handover | Inter-gNB handover procedure or intra-gNB handover procedure | Inter-gNB handover procedure | Intra-gNB-CU mobility/inter-gNB-DU mobility or inter-gNB-CU handover |
| Inter-access handover | Inter AMF/UPF handover procedure or intra AMF/UPF handover procedure (out of RAN scope) | Intra-gNB handover procedure or inter-gNB hanover procedure |
Figure 8 Soft feeder link switch-over
Figure 9 Hard feeder link switch-over
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