Programmable Metasurface for Simultaneously Wireless Information and Power Transfer System

doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202202008

ZTE Communications ›› 2022, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 48-62.DOI: 10.12142/ZTECOM.202202008

• Review • Previous Articles

Programmable Metasurface for Simultaneously Wireless Information and Power Transfer System

CHANG Mingyang, HAN Jiaqi, MA Xiangjin, XUE Hao, WU Xiaonan, LI Long(), CUI Tiejun()

Key Laboratory of High-Speed Circuit Design and EMC of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

Received:2022-04-18 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-05-24
About author:CHANG Mingyang received the BE degree in electronic information science and technology from Yantai University, China in 2018. He is currently pursuing the PhD degree in electromagnetic fields and microwave technology at Xidian University, China. His research interests include wireless power transfer, wireless energy harvesting, metasurfaces, and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer.|HAN Jiaqi received the BE degree in electronic and information engineering from Henan Normal University, China in 2014, and the PhD degree in electromagnetic fields and microwave technology from Xidian University, China in 2019. He is currently a post-doctoral fellow with the School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University. His research interests include the design of programmable metasurfaces and their applications on wireless power transfer and computational imaging.|MA Xiangjin received the BE degree in communication engineering from Nanchang Institute of Technology, China in 2019. He is currently pursuing the PhD degree in electromagnetic field and microwave technology at Xidian University, China. His current research interests include analysis and application of programmable metasurfaces, design of high-performance programmable metasurfaces and microwave holographic imaging.|XUE Hao received the BE degree in electronic and information engineering from Xidian University, China in 2015. He is currently pursuing the PhD degree in electronic science and technology at Xidian University. His research interests include antenna design, metasurface, wireless power transfer, and OAM vortex beam. He received the honors and awards include the National scholarship for postgraduates 2017, the Best Student Paper Awards of IEEE iWAT 2018, and IEEE IMWS-AMP 2021.|WU Xiaonan received the BE degree in electronic information engineering from Xidian University, China in 2020. He is currently pursuing the master’s degree in electromagnetic field and microwave technology at Xidian University. His research interests include wireless power transfer, wireless energy harvesting, design of metasurfaces, and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer.|LI Long (lilong@mail.xidian.edu.cn) received the BE and PhD degrees in electromagnetic fields and microwave technology from Xidian University, China in 1998 and 2005, respectively. He is currently a professor in the School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University. Prof. LI is the Director of Key Laboratory of High-Speed Circuit Design and EMC, Ministry of Education, China. His research interests include metamaterials/metasurfaces, antennas and microwave devices, wireless power transfer and harvesting technology, and OAM vortex waves. He has published over 180 papers in journals and held more than 40 patents. Prof. LI was awarded the Chang Jiang Scholars Distinguished Professor by Ministry of Education, China in 2021. Prof. LI is the Vice-President of MTT-Chapter in IEEE Xi’an Section. He is a TPC Co-Chair of APCAP2017 and a General Co-Chair of AWPT2019.|CUI Tiejun (tjcui@seu.edu.cn) received the BS, MS, and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from Xidian University, China in 1987, 1990, and 1993, respectively. He is currently the Chief Professor of Southeast University, China. Prof. CUI is the Academician of Chinese Academy of Science and an IEEE Fellow. Prof. CUI’s research interests include metamaterials and computational electromagnetics. He proposed the concepts of digital coding and programmable metamaterials, and realized their first prototypes, based on which he founded the new direction of information metamaterials, bridging the physical world and digital world. He has published over 500 peer-review journal papers, which have been cited by more than 43 000 times (H-Factor 105, Google Scholar), and licensed over 150 patents. Prof. CUI was awarded a Cheung Kong Professor by the Ministry of Education, China in 2001, and received the National Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars in 2002. Prof. CUI received the Natural Science Award (first class) from the Ministry of Education, China in 2011, and the National Natural Science Awards of China (second class, twice) in 2014 and 2018, respectively.
Supported by:
the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0700201);the 111 Project(111?2?05);National Natural Science Foundation of China(62001342);Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2021TD?07);Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2019JC?15)

Abstract

Abstract:

Implementing self-sustainable wireless communication systems is urgent and challenging for 5G and 6G technologies. In this paper, we elaborate on a system solution using the programmable metasurface (PMS) for simultaneous wireless information and power transfers (SWIPT), offering an optimized wireless energy management network. Both transmitting and receiving sides of the proposed solution are presented in detail. On the transmitting side, employing the wireless power transfer (WPT) technique, we present versatile power conveying strategies for near-field or far-field targets, single or multiple targets, and equal or unequal power targets. On the receiving side, utilizing the wireless energy harvesting (WEH) technique, we report our work on multi-functional rectifying metasurfaces that collect the wirelessly transmitted energy and the ambient energy. More importantly, a numerical model based on the plane-wave angular spectrum method is investigated to accurately calculate the radiation fields of PMS in the Fresnel and Fraunhofer regions. With this model, the efficiencies of WPT between the transmitter and the receiver are analyzed. Finally, future research directions are discussed, and integrated PMS for wireless information and wireless power is outlined.

Key words: programmable metasurface, simultaneously wireless information and power transfers, wireless energy harvesting, wireless power transfer

CHANG Mingyang, HAN Jiaqi, MA Xiangjin, XUE Hao, WU Xiaonan, LI Long, CUI Tiejun. Programmable Metasurface for Simultaneously Wireless Information and Power Transfer System[J]. ZTE Communications, 2022, 20(2): 48-62.

Figures/Tables 19

Figure 1 Different forms of wireless information and power transfers (WIPT): (a) SWIPT with co-located receivers; (b) SWIPT with separated receivers; (c) wirelessly powered communication networks (WPCN); (d) wirelessly powered backscatter communication (WPBC); (e) our proposed structure

Figure 2 Application scenarios of the programmable metasurface (PMS) scheme for the simultaneous wireless information and power transfers (SWIPT) system

Figure 3 Application of PMS in the IoT network

Figure 4 Configuration for far-field calculation using plane-wave angular spectrum (PWAS) approach

Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the high gain beam structure

Figure 6 Structure of the proposed 2-bit element: (a) reflection amplitude and (b) reflection phase

Figure 7 Coding patterns and E-field distributions under different angles: (a) θ=0°, (b) θ=20° and, (c) θ=40°

Figure 8 Normalized radiation patterns of programmable metasurface (PMS): (a) E-plane beam-scanning and (b) H-plane beam-scanning

Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the focused beam in the near-field of PMS

Figure 10 Coding patterns and E-field distribution of the near-field focused beam, where (a), (d) and (g) describe the focus (0 m, 0 m, 0.5 m); (b), (e) and (h) describe the focus (0.2 m, 0.2 m, 0.5 m); (c), (f) and (i) describe the dual focus (0.2 m, 0.2 m, 0.5 m) and (-0.2 m, -0.2 m, 0.5 m)

Figure 11 Fabricated 2-bit PMS: (a) front view, (b) back view, and (c) near-field measurement scene for focal spots in the anechoic chamber

Figure 12 Measured results of the focusing E-field distribution of the 2-bit PMS at (a) (0 m, 0 m, 0.75 m), (b) (0.1m, 0 m, 0.75 m), (c) (0.1 m, 0.1 m, 0.75 m), and (d) (0 m, 0 m, 0.9 m)

Figure 13 Schematic diagram of metasurface structure: (a) element size and (b) array structure

Figure 14 |S11| and RF harvesting efficiency of the proposed metasurface element

Figure 15 Energy harvesting efficiency of metasurface: (a) TE polarization oblique incidence (0–60°), (b) TM polarization oblique incidence (0–60°)

Figure 16 Rectifier circuit efficiency and output voltage

Figure 17 A prototype of the rectifying metasurface: (a) front side and (b) backside

Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system based on PMS and rectifying metasurface

Figure 19 Wireless power transmission efficiency versus distance using high-gain beam and focused beam

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Programmable Metasurface for Simultaneously Wireless Information and Power Transfer System

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