Building a Stronger Foundation for Web3: Advantages of 5G Infrastructure

doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202402002

ZTE Communications ›› 2024, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 3-10.DOI: 10.12142/ZTECOM.202402002

• Special Topic • Previous Articles Next Articles

Building a Stronger Foundation for Web3: Advantages of 5G Infrastructure

FENG Jianxin¹, PAN Yi²(), WU Xiao³

^1.TripleLab, Shenzhen 518000, China
^2.Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
^3.WhiteMatrix Inc. , Nanjing 210031, China

Received:2024-01-10 Online:2024-06-25 Published:2024-06-25
About author:FENG Jianxin (fjx2000@gmail.com) is a serial entrepreneur in the cloud computing and blockchain industries. With years of experience working for several top-tier telecommunications companies both domestically and internationally, he has witnessed and contributed to the evolution from 3G to 4G and 5G, as well as the transition from Web2 to Web3. Currently, he operates a blockchain infrastructure company and a cloud supercomputing company. He has a BS in Math and EMBA from The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), USA.
PAN Yi is currently a Chair Professor and the dean of College of Computer Science and Control Engineering at Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China and a Regents' Professor Emeritus at Georgia State University, USA. He is a Fellow of American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, Foreign Member of Russian Academy of Engineering, Foreign Member of Ukrainian Academy of Engineering Science, Member of European Academy of Sciences and Arts, European Academy of Natural Sciences, Fellow of the Royal Society for Public Health, Fellow of the Institute of Engineering and Technology, and Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. He received his BEng and MEng degrees in computer engineering from Tsinghua University, China in 1982 and 1984, respectively, and his PhD degree in computer science from the University of Pittsburgh, USA in 1991.
WU Xiao is a seasoned senior engineer with 15 years of expertise in software engineering, programming, and a decade of successful management across dynamic startup environments in Canada and China. Holding a BSc and MSc in computer science from the University of Alberta, Canada, he is the CEO of White Matrix Inc., a blockchain enterprise strategically invested in by Ant Group, and the visionary founder behind ChainIDE, the world's largest cloud-based blockchain integrated development environment. He has received accolades such as the first prize in the China Blockchain Development Contest (2020) and currently holds influential roles, serving as the Vice Director of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen)-White Matrix Joint Metaverse Laboratory. His global impact is underscored by co-organizing over 100 Web3 developer events worldwide, including ETH Riyadh and ETH Shanghai, and in 2023, ChainIDE's recognition and recommendation on Ethereum.org further solidified its position among developers globally.
Supported by:
the ZTE Industry-University-Institute Fund Project(IA20221202011)

Abstract

Abstract:

The emergence of Web3 technologies promises to revolutionize the Internet and redefine our interactions with digital assets and applications. This essay explores the pivotal role of 5G infrastructure in bolstering the growth and potential of Web3. By focusing on several crucial aspects—network speed, edge computing, network capacity, security and power consumption—we shed light on how 5G technology offers a robust and transformative foundation for the decentralized future of the Internet. Prior to delving into the specifics, we undertake a technical review of the historical progression and development of Internet and telecommunication technologies.

Key words: Web3, 5G, blockchain, decentralized application, infrastructure

FENG Jianxin, PAN Yi, WU Xiao. Building a Stronger Foundation for Web3: Advantages of 5G Infrastructure[J]. ZTE Communications, 2024, 22(2): 3-10.

Figures/Tables 9

References 25

1	MURRAY A, KIM D, COMBS J. The promise of a decentralized Internet: what is Web3 and how can firms prepare? [J]. Business horizons, 2023, 66(2): 191–202. DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2022.06.002
2	LI H, DANG R R, YAO Y, et al. A review of approaches for detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts within web 3.0 applications [J]. Blockchains, 2023, 1(1): 3–18. DOI: 10.3390/blockchains1010002
3	SADOWSKI J, BEEGLE K. Expansive and extractive network of Web3 [J]. Big data & Society, 2023, 10(1): 1–14. DOI: 10.1177/20539517231159629
4	JIN L, PARROTT K. Web3 is our chance to make a better internet [J]. Harvard business review, 2022
5	Sachs Goldman. Framing the Future of Web3.0 [R]. 2021
6	A16z. The Web3 Landscape [R]. 2021
7	CHAER A, SALAH K, LIMA C, et al. Blockchain for 5G: opportunities and challenges [C]//Globecom Workshops. IEEE, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/GCWkshps45667.2019.9024627
8	NORP T. 5G requirements and key performance indicators [J]. Journal of ICT standardization, 2018, 6(1): 15–30. DOI: 10.13052/jicts2245-800x.612
9	WANG H, LI H, SMAHI A, et al. MIS: a multi-identifier management and resolution system in the metaverse [J]. ACM transactions on multimedia computing, communications, and applications, 2024, 20(7): 191. DOI: 10.1145/3597641
10	Ericsson. Edge computing and 5G [R]. 2020
11	SIRIWARDHANA Y, PORAMBAGE P, LIYANAGE M, et al. A survey on mobile augmented reality with 5G mobile edge computing: architectures, applications, and technical aspects [J]. IEEE communications surveys & tutorials, 2021, 23(2): 1160–1192. DOI: 10.1109/comst.2021.3061981
12	NABBEN K. Decentralised autonomous organisations (DAOs) as data trusts: a general-purpose data governance framework for decentralised data ownership, storage, and utilization [J]. Social science research network, 2021. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4009205
13	Mobile China, Telecom China, Unicom China, et al. 5G-advanced technology evolution from a network perspective: towards a new era of intelligent connect X [R]. 2021
14	MODESTA E E, FRANCIS A O, ANTHONY O O. A framework of 5G networks as the foundation for IoTs technology for improved future network [J]. International journal of physical sciences, 2019, 14(10): 97–107. DOI: 10.5897/ijps2018.4782
15	GUPTA R K, ALMUZAINI K K, PATERIYA R K, et al. An improved secure key generation using enhanced identity-based encryption for cloud computing in large-scale 5G [J]. Wireless communications and mobile computing, 2022: 7291250. DOI: 10.1155/2022/7291250
16	FROEHLICH M, WALTENBERGER F, TROTTER L, et al. Blockchain and cryptocurrency in human computer interaction: a systematic literature review and research agenda [C]//Proc. Designing Interactive Systems Conference. ACM, 2022: 155-177. DOI: 10.1145/3532106.3533478
17	SUDHAMANI C, ROSLEE M, TIANG J J, et al. A survey on 5G coverage improvement techniques: issues and future challenges [J]. Sensors, 2023, 23(4): 2356. DOI: 10.3390/s23042356
18	TAKYAR A. Web3 use cases and applications [EB/OL]. [2024-01-15].
19	GOEL A K, BAKSSHI R, AGRAWA K K. Web3.0 and decentralized applications [C]//2nd International Conference on Innovative Research in Renewable Energy Technologies (IRRET 2022). IMPS, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/materproc2022010008
20	ALLEN D, FRANKEL E, LIM W, et al. Ethics of decentralized social technologies: lessons from Web3, the fediverse, and beyond [R]. 2023
21	MCCORMICK P. The value chain of the open metaverse [EB/OL]. (2021-01-25)[2024-01-15].
22	Citi GPS. Metaverse and money: decrypting the future [R]. 2022
23	Labs Protocol. Filecoin: a decentralized storage network [R]. 2018
24	Storj. Storj: decentralized cloud storage [R]. 2017
25	RAGNEDDA M, DESTEFANIS G. Blockchain and Web3.0: social, economic, and technological challenges [M]. UK: Taylor & Francis, 2019. DOI: 10.4324/9780429029530

Network Generation	Security Features	Supported Scenarios
4G	Basic encryption (AED-128)	Mobile broadband, web browsing Online gaming, basic applications Moderate user density
	Subscriber identity module authentication
	Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA)
5G	Enhanced encryption (AES-256)	Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) DeFi /GameFi / SocialFi / Wallet / NFT Public chain (PoS / PoW) Virtual world / Metaverse Massive IoT deployment Ultra-high user density Mission-critical communications
	Stronger mutual authentication
	Improved integrity protection
	Network slicing for isolated security domains
	Certificate-based device authentication
	Enhanced privacy protection (5G AKA)
	Improved authentication protocols (5G-EAP)
	Enhanced security for IoT devices (5G-SBA)

Network Generation	Security Features	Supported Scenarios
4G	Basic encryption (AED-128)	Mobile broadband, web browsing Online gaming, basic applications Moderate user density
	Subscriber identity module authentication
	Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA)
5G	Enhanced encryption (AES-256)	Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) DeFi /GameFi / SocialFi / Wallet / NFT Public chain (PoS / PoW) Virtual world / Metaverse Massive IoT deployment Ultra-high user density Mission-critical communications
	Stronger mutual authentication
	Improved integrity protection
	Network slicing for isolated security domains
	Certificate-based device authentication
	Enhanced privacy protection (5G AKA)
	Improved authentication protocols (5G-EAP)
	Enhanced security for IoT devices (5G-SBA)

Network Generation	MIMO	Energy/Watt	Capacity/(Mbit/s)	Energy Efficiency/(GB/kW·h)	Supported Scenarios
4G	2T2R	400	150	165	–
4G	4T4R	685	300	192	–
5G	32T32R	500	5 000	4 395	Scenarios involving extensive wireless communications (Public chain, Metaverse, GameFi, ...)
5G	64T64R	810	10 000	5 425

Network Generation	MIMO	Energy/Watt	Capacity/(Mbit/s)	Energy Efficiency/(GB/kW·h)	Supported Scenarios
4G	2T2R	400	150	165	–
4G	4T4R	685	300	192	–
5G	32T32R	500	5 000	4 395	Scenarios involving extensive wireless communications (Public chain, Metaverse, GameFi, ...)
5G	64T64R	810	10 000	5 425

[1]	CHEN Rui, LI Hui, LI Wuyang, BAI He, WANG Han, WU Naixing, FAN Ping, KANG Jian, DENG Selwyn, ZHU Xiang. MetaOracle: A High-Throughput Decentralized Oracle for Web 3.0-Empowered Metaverse [J]. ZTE Communications, 2024, 22(2): 11-18.
[2]	MA Qianli, ZHANG Shengli, WANG Taotao, YANG Qing, WANG Jigang. Optimization of High-Concurrency Conflict Issues in Execute-Order-Validate Blockchain [J]. ZTE Communications, 2024, 22(2): 19-29.
[3]	WU Zhihui, HONG Yuxuan, ZHOU Enyuan, LIU Lei, PEI Qingqi. Utilizing Certificateless Cryptography for IoT Device Identity Authentication Protocols in Web3 [J]. ZTE Communications, 2024, 22(2): 30-38.
[4]	YANG Yibing, LIU Ming, XU Rongtao, WANG Gongpu, GONG Wei. Link Budget and Enhanced Communication Distance for Ambient Internet of Things [J]. ZTE Communications, 2024, 22(1): 16-23.
[5]	ZHAO Yaqiong, KE Hongqin, XU Wei, YE Xinquan, CHEN Yijian. RIS-Assisted Cell-Free MIMO: A Survey [J]. ZTE Communications, 2024, 22(1): 77-86.
[6]	LI Hanwen, BI Ningjing, SHA Jin. Design of Raptor-Like LDPC Codes and High Throughput Decoder Towards 100 Gbit/s Throughput [J]. ZTE Communications, 2023, 21(3): 86-92.
[7]	DING Jianwen, LIU Yao, LIAO Hongjian, SUN Bin, WANG Wei. Statistical Model of Path Loss for Railway 5G Marshalling Yard Scenario [J]. ZTE Communications, 2023, 21(3): 117-122.
[8]	SHI Xiangyi, HAN Tongzhou, TIAN Hai, ZHAO Danfeng. Design of Raptor-Like Rate Compatible SC-LDPC Codes [J]. ZTE Communications, 2022, 20(S1): 16-21.
[9]	CAO Yinfeng, CAO Jiannong, WANG Yuqin, WANG Kaile, LIU Xun. Security in Edge Blockchains: Attacks and Countermeasures [J]. ZTE Communications, 2022, 20(4): 3-14.
[10]	ZHANG Jintao, HE Zhenqing, RUI Hua, XU Xiaojing. Spectrum Sensing for OFDMA Using Multicarrier Covariance Matrix Aware CNN [J]. ZTE Communications, 2022, 20(3): 61-69.
[11]	HOU Xiaolin, LI Xiang, WANG Xin, CHEN Lan, SUYAMA Satoshi. Some Observations and Thoughts about Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Application for 5G Evolution and 6G [J]. ZTE Communications, 2022, 20(1): 14-20.
[12]	YAN Xincheng, TENG Huiyun, PING Li, JIANG Zhihong, ZHOU Na. Study on Security of 5G and Satellite Converged Communication Network [J]. ZTE Communications, 2021, 19(4): 79-89.
[13]	LIU Haipeng, ZHANG Xingyue, ZHOU Anfu, LIU Liang, MA Huadong. Indoor Environment and Human Sensing via Millimeter Wave Radio: A Review [J]. ZTE Communications, 2021, 19(3): 22-29.
[14]	ZHAO Tian, LI Hui, YANG Xin, WANG Han, ZENG Ming, GUO Haisheng, WANG Dezheng. Differentially Authorized Deduplication System Based on Blockchain [J]. ZTE Communications, 2021, 19(2): 67-76.
[15]	XIAO Kai, LIU Xing, HAN Xianghui, HAO Peng, ZHANG Junfeng, ZHOU Dong, WEI Xingguang. Flexible Multiplexing Mechanism for Coexistence of URLLC and EMBB Services in 5G Networks [J]. ZTE Communications, 2021, 19(2): 82-90.

Building a Stronger Foundation for Web3: Advantages of 5G Infrastructure

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 25

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics