Spatio-Temporal Context-Guided Algorithm for Lossless Point Cloud Geometry Compression

doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202304003

ZTE Communications ›› 2023, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (4): 17-28.DOI: 10.12142/ZTECOM.202304003

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Spatio-Temporal Context-Guided Algorithm for Lossless Point Cloud Geometry Compression

ZHANG Huiran¹^,², DONG Zhen³(), WANG Mingsheng¹^,²

^1.Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
^2.Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing, Monitoring and Early Warning, Guangzhou 510060, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

Received:2023-09-11 Online:2023-12-07 Published:2023-12-07
About author:ZHANG Huiran received her BE and ME degrees in School of Geodesy and Geomatics and State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, both from Wuhan University, China in 2020 and 2023, respectively. She is currently the surveyor of Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute, China. Her research interests include point cloud data processing and compression. She participated in several projects related to the field of remote sensing and published one paper in Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University.
DONG Zhen (dongzhenwhu@whu.edu.cn) received his BE and PhD degrees in remote sensing and photogrammetry from Wuhan University, China in 2011 and 2018, respectively. He is a professor with the State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University. His research interests include 3D reconstruction, scene understanding, point cloud processing as well as their applications in intelligent transportation system, digital twin cities, urban sustainable development and robotics. He received over 10 honors from various national and international competitions and published around 60 papers in various journals and conferences.
WANG Mingsheng received his BE degree in College of Computer Science and Technology from Jilin University, China in 2001, and ME degree in School of Computer Science and Engineering from South China University of Technology, China in 2004. He is currently a senior engineer with Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, China. His research interests include computer applications and software, physiography, and surveying. He received over 20 honors from various national competitions and published around 50 papers in various journals and conferences.

Abstract

Abstract:

Point cloud compression is critical to deploy 3D representation of the physical world such as 3D immersive telepresence, autonomous driving, and cultural heritage preservation. However, point cloud data are distributed irregularly and discontinuously in spatial and temporal domains, where redundant unoccupied voxels and weak correlations in 3D space make achieving efficient compression a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a spatio-temporal context-guided algorithm for lossless point cloud geometry compression. The proposed scheme starts with dividing the point cloud into sliced layers of unit thickness along the longest axis. Then, it introduces a prediction method where both intra-frame and inter-frame point clouds are available, by determining correspondences between adjacent layers and estimating the shortest path using the travelling salesman algorithm. Finally, the few prediction residual is efficiently compressed with optimal context-guided and adaptive fast-mode arithmetic coding techniques. Experiments prove that the proposed method can effectively achieve low bit rate lossless compression of point cloud geometric information, and is suitable for 3D point cloud compression applicable to various types of scenes.

Key words: point cloud geometry compression, single-frame point clouds, multi-frame point clouds, predictive coding, arithmetic coding

ZHANG Huiran, DONG Zhen, WANG Mingsheng. Spatio-Temporal Context-Guided Algorithm for Lossless Point Cloud Geometry Compression[J]. ZTE Communications, 2023, 21(4): 17-28.

Figures/Tables 9

References 43

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Point Cloud Data	BPP/bit				Gains
Point Cloud Data	Single↓	G-PCC↓	PCL-PCC↓	S3D↓	G-PCC/%	PCL-PCC/%	S3D/%
Andrew_vox09	1.118 83	1.135 068	2.074 226	1.12	-1.45	-85.39	-0.10
Andrew_vox10	1.010 745	1.104 986	1.952 745	-	-9.32	-93.20	-
David_vox09	1.058 42	1.114 673	2.105 917	1.06	-5.31	-98.97	-0.15
David_vox10	1.028 09	1.090 388	1.974 752	-	-6.06	-92.08	-
Ricardo_vox09	1.037 76	1.081 282	2.046 144	1.04	-4.19	-97.17	-0.22
Ricardo_vox10	0.965 985	1.068 567	1.944 874	-	-10.62	-101.34	-
Sarah_vox09	1.063 19	1.107 865	2.101 666	1.07	-4.20	-97.68	-0.64
Sarah_vox10	1.012 36	1.065 947	1.978 308	-	-5.29	-95.42	-
Longdress_vox10	0.945 35	1.025 244	2.347 862	0.95	-8.45	-148.36	-0.49
Loot_vox10	0.909 825	0.945 36	2.314 874	0.91	-3.91	-154.43	-0.02
Redandblack_vox10	1.014 15	1.082 107	2.400 688	1.03	-6.70	-136.72	-1.56
Soldier_vox10	0.958 515	1.032 572	2.423 025	0.96	-7.73	-152.79	-0.15
Facade 00009 vox12	6.941 5	7.243 8	9.349 4	-	-4.35	-34.69	-
Facade_00015_vox14	7.937 2	8.638 5	10.030 5	-	-8.84	-26.37	-
Arco_Valentino_ Dense_vox12	9.077 9	9.826 4	11.251 4	-	-8.25	-23.94	-
Palazzo_Carignano_ Dense_vox14	7.647 5	8.164 4	9.943 4	-	-6.76	-30.02	-

Point Cloud Data	BPP/bit				Gains
Point Cloud Data	Single↓	G-PCC↓	PCL-PCC↓	S3D↓	G-PCC/%	PCL-PCC/%	S3D/%
Andrew_vox09	1.118 83	1.135 068	2.074 226	1.12	-1.45	-85.39	-0.10
Andrew_vox10	1.010 745	1.104 986	1.952 745	-	-9.32	-93.20	-
David_vox09	1.058 42	1.114 673	2.105 917	1.06	-5.31	-98.97	-0.15
David_vox10	1.028 09	1.090 388	1.974 752	-	-6.06	-92.08	-
Ricardo_vox09	1.037 76	1.081 282	2.046 144	1.04	-4.19	-97.17	-0.22
Ricardo_vox10	0.965 985	1.068 567	1.944 874	-	-10.62	-101.34	-
Sarah_vox09	1.063 19	1.107 865	2.101 666	1.07	-4.20	-97.68	-0.64
Sarah_vox10	1.012 36	1.065 947	1.978 308	-	-5.29	-95.42	-
Longdress_vox10	0.945 35	1.025 244	2.347 862	0.95	-8.45	-148.36	-0.49
Loot_vox10	0.909 825	0.945 36	2.314 874	0.91	-3.91	-154.43	-0.02
Redandblack_vox10	1.014 15	1.082 107	2.400 688	1.03	-6.70	-136.72	-1.56
Soldier_vox10	0.958 515	1.032 572	2.423 025	0.96	-7.73	-152.79	-0.15
Facade 00009 vox12	6.941 5	7.243 8	9.349 4	-	-4.35	-34.69	-
Facade_00015_vox14	7.937 2	8.638 5	10.030 5	-	-8.84	-26.37	-
Arco_Valentino_ Dense_vox12	9.077 9	9.826 4	11.251 4	-	-8.25	-23.94	-
Palazzo_Carignano_ Dense_vox14	7.647 5	8.164 4	9.943 4	-	-6.76	-30.02	-

Point Cloud Data	Average BPP/bit				Average Gains
Point Cloud Data	Single↓	G-PCC↓	PCL-PCC↓	S3D↓	G-PCC	PCL-PCC	S3D
Microsoft voxelized upper bodies	1.036 923	1.096 097	2.022 329	1.072 5	-5.71%	-95.03%	-3.43%
8i voxelized full bodies	0.956 96	1.021 321	2.371 612	0.962 5	-6.73%	-147.83%	-0.58%
MPEG Facade and architecture	1.158 62	1.198 392	2.336 034	-	-3.43%	-101.62%	-

Point Cloud Data	Average BPP/bit				Average Gains
Point Cloud Data	Single↓	G-PCC↓	PCL-PCC↓	S3D↓	G-PCC	PCL-PCC	S3D
Microsoft voxelized upper bodies	1.036 923	1.096 097	2.022 329	1.072 5	-5.71%	-95.03%	-3.43%
8i voxelized full bodies	0.956 96	1.021 321	2.371 612	0.962 5	-6.73%	-147.83%	-0.58%
MPEG Facade and architecture	1.158 62	1.198 392	2.336 034	-	-3.43%	-101.62%	-

Point Cloud Sequences	BPP/bit					Gains
Point Cloud Sequences	Multiple↓	G-PCC↓	InterEM↓	PCL-PCC↓	S4D↓	G-PCC/%	InterEM/%	PCL-PCC/%	S4D/%
Andrew_vox09	1.072 25	1.135 068	-	2.074 226	1.08	-5.86	-	-93.45	-0.72
Andrew_vox10	0.972 24	1.104 986	-	1.952 745	-	-13.65	-	-100.85	-
David_vox09	1.046 565	1.114 673	-	2.105 917	1.05	-6.51	-	-101.22	-0.33
David_vox10	1.020 547	1.090 388	-	1.974 752	-	-6.84	-	-93.50	-
Ricardo_vox09	0.982 66	1.081 282	-	2.046 144	1.02	-10.04	-	-108.23	-3.80
Ricardo_vox10	0.954 235	1.068 567	-	1.944 874	-	-11.98	-	-103.81	-
Sarah_vox09	1.028 745	1.107 865	-	2.101 666	1.04	-7.69	-	-104.29	-1.09
Sarah_vox10	1.008 465	1.065 947	-	1.978 308	-	-5.70	-	-96.17	-
Longdress_vox10	0.896 585	1.025 244	1.056 275	2.347 862	0.95	-14.35	-17.81	-161.87	-5.96
Loot_vox10	0.861 815	0.945 36	1.009 412	2.314 874	0.89	-9.69	-17.13	-168.60	-3.27
Redandblack_vox10	0.970 43	1.082 107	1.140 317	2.400 688	1.01	-11.51	-17.51	-147.38	-4.08
Soldier_vox10	0.704 24	1.032 572	1.070 037	2.423 025	0.79	-46.62	-51.94	-244.06	-12.18

Spatio-Temporal Context-Guided Algorithm for Lossless Point Cloud Geometry Compression

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Metrics

Encoding Time/s
Point cloud data	Multiple	Single	S4D	S3D	G-PCC	InterEM	PCL-PCC
Microsoft voxelized upper bodies	52.1	64.2	806.03	489.72	3.813	-	2.235
8i voxelized full bodies	56.7	66.9	904.67	640.85	7.105	4.708	3.549
MPEG facade and architecture	-	111.2	-	-	15.37	-	22.4
Decoding Time/s
Point cloud data	Multiple	Single	S4D	S3D	G-PCC	InterEM	PCL-PCC
Microsoft voxelized upper bodies	13.7	14.4	117.4	74.03	1.031	-	0.809
8i voxelized full bodies	16.3	17.1	194.25	113.95	1.376	4.10	0.922
MPEG facade and architecture	-	22.4	-	-	2.703	-	7.74