Novel MAC Layer Proposal for URLLC in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5188.2017.S1.006

ZTE Communications ›› 2017, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (S1): 50-59.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5188.2017.S1.006

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Novel MAC Layer Proposal for URLLC in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Mohsin Raza¹, Sajjad Hussain², Hoa Le-Minh¹, Nauman Aslam¹

1. Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE18ST, UK
2. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK

Received:2016-11-30 Online:2017-06-25 Published:2020-04-14
About author:Mohsin Raza (mohsinraza119@gmail.com) received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in electronic engineering from Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Pakistan. Currently he is a Ph.D. student in math, physics and electrical engineering at Northumbria University, UK. Prior to this he worked as a lecturer in Department of Electronic Engineering, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University from 2010 to 2015 and prior to that as a hardware support engineer at USS in 2009 and 2010. His research interests include wireless sensor networks, mobile communications, smart grids and autonomous transportation & vehicular networks.|Sajjad Hussain (sajjad.hussain@glasgow.ac.uk) received his M.S. degree from SUPELEC, France and Ph.D. degree from University of Rennes 1, France, both in wireless communication and signal processing. He is currently a lecturer at University of Glasgow, UK. Prior to joining University of Glasgow, he was an associate professor at Capital University of Science and Technology, Pakistan and prior to that, an assistant professor at National university of Science and Technology, Pakistan. His main research interests include spectrum sensing, security, and cross layer optimization in cognitive radios and wireless networks.|Hoa Le-Minh (hoa.le-minh@northumbria.ac.uk) received his B.E. degree in telecommunications from Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, Vietnam in 1999, M.S. in communications engineering from Munich University of Technology, Germany in 2003, and Ph.D. in optical communications from Northumbria University, UK in 2007. Prior to joining Northumbria University as a senior lecturer in 2010 and subsequently the programme leader of BEng (Hons) and MEng Electrical and Electronic Engineering (2013), he was a research fellow of the Department of Engineering Science and a tutor of St Edmund Hall College, University of Oxford, UK (2007-2010). He also worked at R&D Siemens AG, Munich, Germany (2002-2004). His research interests include ad-hoc and wireless networks, visible light communication and free space optics.|Nauman Aslam (nauman.aslam@northumbria.ac.uk) joined Northumbria University, UK in August 2011 and is a senior lecturer in Department of Computer Science and Digital Technologies there. Dr. Aslam received his Ph.D. in engineering mathematics from Dalhousie University, Canada in 2008. He was awarded M.E. in internetworking from Dalhousie University in 2003 and B.S. in mechanical engineering from University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan in 1993. Prior to joining Northumbria University, he worked as an assistant professor at Dalhousie University from 2008 to 2011. Currently, he also holds an adjunct assistant professor position at Dalhousie University. His research interests include wireless ad-hoc and computer networks, process optimization and artificial intelligence.

Abstract

Abstract:

Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) has become a fundamental focus of future industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs). With the evolution of automation and process control in industrial environments, the need for increased reliability and reduced latencies in wireless communications is even pronounced. Furthermore, the 5G systems specifically target the URLLC in selected areas and industrial automation might turn into a suitable venue for future IWSNs, running 5G as a high speed inter-process linking technology. In this paper, a hybrid multi-channel scheme for performance and throughput enhancement of IWSNs is proposed. The scheme utilizes the multiple frequency channels to increase the overall throughput of the system along with the increase in reliability. A special purpose frequency channel is defined, which facilitates the failed communications by retransmissions where the retransmission slots are allocated according to the priority level of failed communications of different nodes. A scheduler is used to formulate priority based scheduling for retransmission in TDMA based communication slots of this channel. Furthermore, in carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) based slots, a frequency polling is introduced to limit the collisions. Mathematical modelling for performance metrics is also presented. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with that of IEEE802.15.4e, where the performance is evaluated on the basis of throughput, reliability and the number of nodes accommodated in a cluster. The proposed scheme offers a notable increase in the reliability and throughput over the existing IEEE802.15.4e Low Latency Deterministic Networks (LLDN) standard.

Key words: industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN), IEEE802.15.4e, Low Latency Deterministic Network (LLDN), low latency communications (LLC), ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC)

Mohsin Raza, Sajjad Hussain, Hoa Le-Minh, Nauman Aslam. Novel MAC Layer Proposal for URLLC in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. ZTE Communications, 2017, 15(S1): 50-59.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1 Description of frequently used variables in the paper

Parameters	Variables
Total nodes	W
High priority nodes	K
Time slots in a superframe	N
Total RC channels	H
Total high priority nodes communicating in a single superframe	w
Frequency bands for RC channels	f₁, f₂, ... ,f _H
TDMA based time slots in SP channel	n -k
Probability of successful communication of a node	P

Figure 1. Superframe structure: a) TDMA based (RC) channels and b) SP channel .

Figure 2. Superframe Structure, channel distribution and cluster representation.

Figure 3. Schedule of the nodes transmitting in TDMA slots of SP channel.

Figure 4. Synchronized superframe structure for NC and SP channel and priority based access.

Figure 5. Packet reception rate as a function of RSSI using CC2420 [33].

Figure 6. Frame error rate for typical IEEE802.15.4e (LLDN) with one RC channel and no SP channel.

Figure 7. Frame error rate for proposed scheme with one RC channel and one SP channel.

Figure 8. Frame error rate for proposed scheme with three RC channels and one SP channel.

Figure 9. Frame error rate for proposed scheme with five RC channels and one SP channel.

Figure 10. Frame error rate for proposed scheme with ten RC channels and one SP channel.

Figure 11. Accumulated throughput of the proposed multi-channel scheme with reference to single channel low data-rate WPAN.

Figure 12. Total number of affiliated nodes to a cluster-head.

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Novel MAC Layer Proposal for URLLC in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

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