Massive MIMO 5G Cellular Networks: mm-Wave vs. μ-Wave Frequencies

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5188.2017.S1.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) is one of the key use-cases for the development of the new standard 5G New Radio for the next generation of mobile wireless networks. Large-scale antenna arrays, a.k.a. massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), the usage of carrier frequencies in the range 10-100 GHz, the so-called millimeter wave (mm-Wave) band, and the network densification with the introduction of small-sized cells are the three technologies that will permit implementing eMBB services and realizing the Gbit/s mobile wireless experience. This paper is focused on the massive MIMO technology. Initially conceived for conventional cellular frequencies in the sub-6 GHz range (μ-Wave), the massive MIMO concept has been then progressively extended to the case in which mm-Wave frequencies are used. However, due to different propagation mechanisms in urban scenarios, the resulting MIMO channel models at μ-Wave and mm-Wave are radically different. Six key basic differences are pinpointed in this paper, along with the implications that they have on the architecture and algorithms of the communication transceivers and on the attainable performance in terms of reliability and multiplexing capabilities.

Key words: millimeter wave, microwave, channel modeling, massive MIMO, doubly massive MIMO

Stefano Buzzi, Carmen D’Andrea. Massive MIMO 5G Cellular Networks: mm-Wave vs. μ-Wave Frequencies[J]. ZTE Communications, 2017, 15(S1): 41-49.

Figures/Tables 7

Figure 1. The considered transceiver model.

Table 1 Parameters for the path loss model at mm-Waves for four different use-case scenarios

Scenario	Model Parameters
UMi Street Canyon LOS	$n = 1.98, σ = 3.1 dB, b = 0$
UMi Street Canyon NLOS	$n = 3.19, σ = 8.2 dB, b = 0$
UMi Open Square LOS	$n = 1.85, σ = 4.2 dB, b = 0$
UMi Open Square NLOS	$n = 2.89, σ = 7.1 dB, b = 0$
InH Indoor Office LOS	$n = 1.73, σ = 3.02 dB, b = 0$
InH Indoor Office NLOS	$n = 3.19, σ = 8.29 dB, b = 0.06, f 0 = 24.2 GHz$
InH Shopping Mall LOS	$n = 1.73, σ = 2.01 dB, b = 0$
InH Shopping Mall NLOS	$n = 2.59, σ = 7.40 dB, b = 0.01, f 0 = 39.5 GHz$

Table 1 Parameters for the path loss model at mm-Waves for four different use-case scenarios

Scenario	Model Parameters
UMi Street Canyon LOS	$n = 1.98, σ = 3.1 dB, b = 0$
UMi Street Canyon NLOS	$n = 3.19, σ = 8.2 dB, b = 0$
UMi Open Square LOS	$n = 1.85, σ = 4.2 dB, b = 0$
UMi Open Square NLOS	$n = 2.89, σ = 7.1 dB, b = 0$
InH Indoor Office LOS	$n = 1.73, σ = 3.02 dB, b = 0$
InH Indoor Office NLOS	$n = 3.19, σ = 8.29 dB, b = 0.06, f 0 = 24.2 GHz$
InH Shopping Mall LOS	$n = 1.73, σ = 2.01 dB, b = 0$
InH Shopping Mall NLOS	$n = 2.59, σ = 7.40 dB, b = 0.01, f 0 = 39.5 GHz$

Figure 2. Spectral efficiency of a mm-Wave MIMO wireless link vs. received SNR for CM-FD beamforming and AN (beam-steering) beamforming, for two different values of the number of transmit and receive antennas and of the multiplexing order of the system.

Figure 3. a) Spectral efficiency vs. received SNR for an mm-Wave channel varying the number of transmit and receive antennas and multiplexing order, and b) spectral efficiency vs. received SNR for an μ-Wave channel varying the number of transmit and receive antennas and multiplexing order.

Figure 4. Spectral efficiency vs. received SNR with perfect CSI and imperfect CSI, with LS-MMSE algorithm for the estimation of μ-Wave channel. The multiplexing order is 3.

Figure 5. Spectral efficiency vs. received SNR with perfect CSI and imperfect CSI, with AML algorithm and OOJA algorithm for the estimation of mm-Wave channel. The multiplexing order is 3.

Figure 6. Values of the performance measure η defined in (9) for several antenna array sizes for the mm-Wave and μ-Wave channels.

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