An Embedded Database System for YANG

doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202603010

ZTE Communications ›› 2026, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 82-91.DOI: 10.12142/ZTECOM.202603010

• Industry-Academia Co-Research • Previous Articles Next Articles

An Embedded Database System for YANG

Bing Han¹, Gao Jirun¹, Zhang Kaiqi¹^,²(), Wang Hongzhi¹, Chen Hedui³

^1.Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
^2.Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401135, China
^3.ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen 518057, China

Received:2024-09-19 Online:2026-08-27 Published:2026-09-20
About author:Han Bing is currently pursuing his MS degree in electronic information at the National Elite Engineers School, Harbin Institute of Technology, China. He specializes in research directions such as database system design and edge storage.
Gao Jirun is currently pursuing his MS degree in the Department of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, China. He focuses on research areas such as database systems and edge storage.
Zhang Kaiqi (zhangkaiqi@hit.edu.cn) is a lecturer at the Department of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, China. His research interests include spatiotemporal big data query, approximate computation, and embedded database systems. He has published 15 papers.
Wang Hongzhi is a professor at the Department of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, China. His research interests include big data governance, big data management and analysis, database systems, and industrial big data. He has published more than 300 papers.
Chen Hedui is a senior engineer at ZTE Corporation. He specializes in databases, new hardware acceleration, lakehouse integration, and AI for databases.
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China(CSTB2023NSCQ?MSX0673);ZTE Industry?University?Institute Cooperation Funds(2023ZTE09?02)

Abstract

Abstract:

Yet Another Next Generation (YANG) is a data modeling language which is primarily designed to define the hierarchical structure of data used in network configuration management protocols such as NETCONF. However, traditional relational databases struggle to maintain optimal index performance for YANG data, and it is challenging to ensure data validity and transaction characteristics, particularly in resource-constrained environments such as network base stations. In this paper, we introduce the design and implementation of DB4YANG, an embedded database optimized for minimal resource usage while effectively handling and storing YANG model data. DB4YANG supports fast read and write operations on YANG data and ensures data integrity through continuous synchronization with optimistic locking. This approach mitigates the performance drawbacks that arise from non-native processing and format conversions commonly found in relational databases. Furthermore, this paper delves into transaction processing techniques tailored for YANG model data. These techniques are designed to ensure the reliability and consistency of data operations and strictly adhere to the Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (ACID) principles to preserve data integrity. We conducted several experiments comparing DB4YANG with an existing database, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed database.

Key words: YANG, embedded database, high-performance index, data consistency

Bing Han, Gao Jirun, Zhang Kaiqi, Wang Hongzhi, Chen Hedui. An Embedded Database System for YANG[J]. ZTE Communications, 2026, 24(3): 82-91.

Figures/Tables 10

Figure 1 Architecture of client-server database and embedded database

Figure 2 DB4YANG architecture

Figure 3 Structure of data management module

Figure 4 External view of index storage

Figure 5 Internal view of index storage

Figure 6 Transaction manager and transaction group

Figure 7 YANG schema import efficiency comparison

Figure 8 YANG document writing efficiency comparison

Figure 9 Performance of complicated transactional operations

Figure 10 Perf test of DB4YANG and Sysrepo

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An Embedded Database System for YANG

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