Efficient PSS Detection Algorithm Aided by CNN

doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202501008

Abstract

Abstract:

In a 5G mobile communication system, cell search is the initial step in establishing downlink synchronization between user equipment (UE) and base stations (BS). Primary synchronization signal (PSS) detection is a crucial part of this process, and enhancing PSS detection speed can reduce communication latency and improve overall quality. This paper proposes a fast PSS detection algorithm based on the correlation characteristics of PSS time-domain superposition signals. Conducting PSS signal correlation within a smaller range can reduce computational complexity and accelerates communication speed. Additionally, frequency offset can impact the accuracy of calculations during the PSS detection process. To address this issue, we propose applying convolutional neural networks (CNN) for frequency offset estimation of synchronization signals. By compensating for the frequency of related signals, the accuracy of PSS detection is improved. Finally, the analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Key words: 5G, CNN, cell search, PSS detection

LI Lanlan. Efficient PSS Detection Algorithm Aided by CNN[J]. ZTE Communications, 2025, 23(1): 63-70.

Figures/Tables 10

Figure 1 Traditional PSS detection algorithm

Table 1 Global synchronization grid

N*1 200 kHz+M*50 kHz,

N=1:2 499, M $\in$ (1,3,5)

3N+(M-3)/2

2–7 498

3 000–24 250

3 000 MHz+N*1.44 MHz,

N=0:14 756

7 499+N

7 498–22 255

Table 1 Global synchronization grid

Frequency Range/MHz

SSB

GSCN

GSCN Range

0–3 000

N*1 200 kHz+M*50 kHz,

N=1:2 499, M $\in$ (1,3,5)

3N+(M-3)/2

2–7 498

3 000–24 250

3 000 MHz+N*1.44 MHz,

N=0:14 756

7 499+N

7 498–22 255

Figure 2 Structure of synchronization signal block

Figure 3 Correlation peaks of superimposed signals

Table 2 Simulation parameters for cell search

Simulation Parameter Types	Configuration Parameters
Channel bandwidth/MHz	100
Subcarrier spacing/kHz	15, 30
The number of FFT points	1 024, 4 096
Channel mode	TDL-A,CDL-A
Sampling frequency/MHz	122.88
Frequency offset/kHz	0.2, 0.8, 2.8
SSBblock type	Case C
CPtype	Standard

Figure 4 Correlation peak plot calculated by proposed algorithm

Figure 5 Probability of primary synchronization signal search algorithm

Figure 6 Time consumption difference between proposed algorithm and existing algorithm

Figure 7 Accuracy of synchronization under different frequency offsets

Figure 8 Basic structure of convolutional neural networks

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