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    25 March 2020, Volume 18 Issue 1
    Guest Paper
    Ten Reflections on 5G
    WU Hequan
    2020, 18(1):  1-4.  doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202001001
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    5G takes the concept of service-oriented architecture to replace the priority principle of network efficiency in the Internet to meet requirements of the industrial Internet and smart cities, such as high reliability and low latency. On the other hand, in order to adapt to the uncertainty of future business, 5G features the openness of services and the Internet protocols, different from the closeness of traditional telecommunication networks. Although 5G tries to have the advantages of both the Internet and telecommunication network, its realization still faces many challenges. In this paper, ten major issues concerning 5G networking and service offering are discussed.

    Special Topic
    Editorial: Special Topic onDomain Name and Identifier of Internet : Architecture & Systems
    Li Hui
    2020, 18(1):  5-6.  doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202001002
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    Prototype of Multi-Identifier SystemBased on Voting Consensus
    XING Kaixuan, LI Hui, YIN Feng, MA Huajun, HOU Hanxu, XU Huanle, HAN Yunghsiang S., LIU Ji, SUN Tao
    2020, 18(1):  7-17.  doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202001003
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    With the rapid development of the Internet, the expansion of identifiers and data brings a huge challenge to the network system. However, the network resources such as Domain Name System (DNS) are monopolized by a single agency which brings a potential threat to cyberspace. The existing network architecture cannot fundamentally solve the problems of resource monopoly and low performance. Based on the blockchain, this paper designs and implements a new Multi-Identifier System (MIS), providing the analysis and management for different identifiers in the multi-identifier network. Our preliminary emulation results prove the correctness and efficiency of the algorithm. Besides, the prototype system of MIS has been tested on the real operators’ network, realizing the function of co-governing, security supervision and data protection.

    Advanced EPC Network ArchitectureBased on Hardware InformationService
    HAN Tianyu, ZHU Siyu, XIE Bin, TIAN Juan
    2020, 18(1):  18-23.  doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202001004
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    Object traceability based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an important capability of the Internet of Things (IoT). GS1 EPCglobal, a de-facto standard in RFID technology, develops Electronic Product Code (EPC) network architecture, which mainly includes EPC Information Service (EPCIS), Object Name Service (ONS), and Discovery Service (DS). This architecture is used to capture and share standardized events representing various aspects on EPC object. However, the EPC network architecture also faces challenges; for example, the separate management of unrelated event data and master data may increase time consumption when an application extracts valuable information by combing them. A Hardware-Based Information Service (HIS) device is raised in this paper, which is installed on the specific EPC tagged object directly and this could alleviate the problem above. The HIS could store the event data and master data related to the EPC identifier centrally and the application could gain the basic information based on the data stored in the HIS without utilizing ONS, DS and EPCIS.

    Integrated Architecture for Networkingand Industrial Internet Identity
    LU Hua, LI Xiaolu, XIE Renchao, FENG Wei
    2020, 18(1):  24-35.  doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202001005
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    Several excellent works have been done on the industrial Internet; however, some problems are still ahead, such as reliable security, heterogeneous compatibility, and system efficiency. Information-Centric Networking (ICN), an emerging paradigm for the future Internet, is expected to address the challenges of the industrial Internet to some extent. An integrated architecture for industrial network and identity resolution in the industrial Internet is proposed in this paper. A framework is also designed for the ICN-based industrial Network And Named Data Networking (NDN) based factory extranet with Software-Defined Networking (SDN). Moreover, an identity resolution architecture in the industrial Internet is proposed based on ICN paradigms with separate resolution nodes or with merging resolution and routing.

    Identifier Management of IndustrialInternet Based on Multi-Identifier Network Architecture
    WANG Yunmin, LI Hui, XING Kaixuan, HOU Hanxu, HAN Yunghsiang S., LIU Ji, SUN Tao
    2020, 18(1):  36-43.  doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202001006
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    The industrial Internet realizes intelligent control and optimized operation of the industrial system through network interconnection. The industrial Internet identifier is the core element to accomplish this task. The traditional industrial Internet identifier resolution technologies depend excessively on IP networks, and cannot meet the requirements of ubiquitous resource-restraint Internet of Things (IoT) devices. An industrial Internet identifier resolution management strategy based on multi-identifier network architecture is proposed in this paper, which supports content names, identities, locations, apart from the traditional IP address. The application of multiple types of identifiers not only solves the problem of IP addresses exhaustion, but also enhances the security, credibility, and availability of the industrial Internet identification resolution system. An inter-translation scheme between multiple identifiers is designed to support multiple identifiers and the standard ones. We present an addressing and routing algorithm for identifier resolution to make it convenient to put our strategy into practice.

    Risk Analysis of Industrial InternetIdentity System
    TANG Kai
    2020, 18(1):  44-48.  doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202001007
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    The risks of the current identity system represented by Domain Name System (DNS) and Object Identifier (OID) are studied. According to the characteristics of the industrial Internet Identity (III) system, four open ecosystem planes are divided, and a corresponding risk analysis view is established to analyze risks for various planes. This paper uses Isaiah Berlin’s definition of liberty to more generally express the concept of security as positive rights and negative rights. In the risk analysis view, the target system is modeled from four dimensions: stakeholders, framework, architecture, and capability delivery. At last, three defensive lines are proposed to establish the identity credit system.

    Security Risk Analysis Model for Identification and Resolution System of Industrial Internet
    MA Baoluo, CHEN Wenqu, CHI Cheng
    2020, 18(1):  49-54.  doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202001008
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    Identification and resolution system of the industrial Internet is the “neural hub” of the industrial Internet for coordination. Catastrophic damage to the whole industrial Internet industry ecology may be caused if the identification and resolution system is attacked. Moreover, it may become a threat to national security. Therefore, security plays an important role in identification and resolution system of the industrial Internet. In this paper, an innovative security risk analysis model is proposed for the first time, which can help control risks from the root at the initial stage of industrial Internet construction, provide guidance for related enterprises in the early design stage of identification and resolution system of the industrial Internet, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the industrial identification and resolution system.

    Construction and Application of Identifier Resolution in Automotive Industrial Internet
    LIN Chengjian, LIU Xinwei
    2020, 18(1):  55-65.  doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202001009
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    Identifier resolution system in the automotive industrial Internet is necessary for building a fully interconnected infrastructure with people, machines, factories, products and clients. The resolution system can not only ensure the comprehensive interconnection and efficiency of research and development, procurement, production, sales, and after-sales service in automotive industry, but also promote the integration of automotive industrial data, which facilitates the integrated development of traditional automotive manufacturing and the industrial Internet. This paper focuses on processes and methods of building identifier resolution system for the automotive industry and summarizes the construction and development of secondary node in the automotive industrial Internet in order to explore a suitable road to a rich and completed application ecosystem.

    Application of Industrial Internet Identifier in Optical Fiber Industrial Chain
    SHI Zongsheng, JIANG Jian, JING Sizhe, LI Qiyuan, MA Xiaoran
    2020, 18(1):  66-72.  doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202001010
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    The industrial Internet has germinated with the integration of the traditional industry and information technologies. An identifier is the identification of an object in the industrial Internet. The identifier technology is a method to validate the identification of an object and trace it. The identifier is a bridge to connect information islands in the industry, as well as the data basis for building a technology application ecosystem based on identifier resolution. We propose three practical applications and application scenarios of the industrial Internet identifier in this paper. Future applications of identifier resolution in the industrial Internet field are also presented

    Review
    Towards Converged Millimeter-Wave/TerahertzWireless Communication and Radar Sensing
    GAO Xiang, MUHAMMAD Saqlain, CAO Xiaoxiao, WANG Shiwei, LIU Kexin, ZHANG Hangkai, YU Xianbin
    2020, 18(1):  73-82.  doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202001011
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    Converged communication and radar sensing systems have attained increasing attention in recent years. The development of converged radar-data systems is reviewed, with a special focus on millimeter/terahertz systems as a promising trend. Firstly, we present historical development and convergence technology concept for communication-radar systems, and highlight some emerging technologies in this area. We then provide an updated and comprehensive survey of several converged systems operating in different microwave and millimeter frequency bands, by providing some selective typical communication and radar sensing systems. In this part, we also summarize and compare the system performance in terms of maximum range/range resolution for radar mode and Bit Error Rate (BER) /wireless distance for communication mode. In the last section, the convergence of millimeter/terahertz communication-radar system is concluded by analyzing the prospect of millimeter-wave/terahertz technologies in providing ultrafast data rates and high resolution for our smart future.

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    The whole issue of ZTE Communications March 2020, Vol. 18 No. 1
    2020, 18(1):  0. 
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