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An Evanescent-Propagating Wave Conversion Method for Expanding the DoF in Holographic MIMO
Liu Guohao, Fang Min, Peng Lin, Luo Jun, Sun Zhi
ZTE Communications    2026, 24 (2): 83-92.   DOI: 10.12142/ZTECOM.202602010
Abstract32)   HTML287)    PDF (3262KB)(8)       Save

Holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) systems deploy ultra-dense antennas in confined spaces, yet spatial degrees of freedom (DoF) fail to scale with element count. Only by harnessing evanescent waves can the potential gains of ultra-dense arrays be unlocked. However, in practical scenarios, antenna apertures are typically too small relative to communication distances to generate significant near-field effects for capturing these evanescent waves. This paper proposes a method to alter the dispersion relation via locally resonant metamaterials (LRM), thereby enabling the radiation of near-field evanescent wave components into the far field. This approach leverages the DoF gains offered by ultra-dense elements within a confined aperture. Full-wave simulations validate the effectiveness of the evanescent-propagating wave conversion method, demonstrating an increase in the spatial DoF radiated into the far field by the HMIMO system even with a limited aperture.

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