This paper proposes an adaptive hybrid forward error correction (AH-FEC) coding scheme for coping with dynamic packet loss events in video and audio transmission. Specifically, the proposed scheme consists of a hybrid Reed-Solomon and low-density parity-check (RS-LDPC) coding system, combined with a Kalman filter-based adaptive algorithm. The hybrid RS-LDPC coding accommodates a wide range of code length requirements, employing RS coding for short codes and LDPC coding for medium-long codes. We delimit the short and medium-length codes by coding performance so that both codes remain in the optimal region. Additionally, a Kalman filter-based adaptive algorithm has been developed to handle dynamic alterations in a packet loss rate. The Kalman filter estimates packet loss rate utilizing observation data and system models, and then we establish the redundancy decision module through receiver feedback. As a result, the lost packets can be perfectly recovered by the receiver based on the redundant packets. Experimental results show that the proposed method enhances the decoding performance significantly under the same redundancy and channel packet loss.

A content-aware multi-step prediction control (CAMPC) algorithm is proposed to determine the bitrate of 360-degree videos, aiming to enhance the quality of experience (QoE) of users and reduce the cost of video content providers (VCP). The CAMPC algorithm first employs a neural network to generate the content richness and combines it with the current field of view (FOV) to accurately predict the probability distribution of tiles being viewed. Then, for the tiles in the predicted viewport which directly affect QoE, the CAMPC algorithm utilizes a multi-step prediction for future system states, and accordingly selects the bitrates of multiple subsequent steps, instead of an instantaneous state. Meanwhile, it controls the buffer occupancy to eliminate the impact of prediction errors. We implement CAMPC on players by building a 360-degree video streaming platform and evaluating other advanced adaptive bitrate (ABR) rules through the real network. Experimental results show that CAMPC can save 83.5% of bandwidth resources compared with the scheme that completely transmits the tiles outside the viewport with the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) protocol. Besides, the proposed method can improve the system utility by 62.7% and 27.6% compared with the DASH official and viewport-based rules, respectively.