The Fifth Generation of Mobile Communications for Railways (5G-R) brings significant opportunities for the rail industry. However, alongside the potential and benefits of the railway 5G network are complex security challenges. Ensuring the security and reliability of railway 5G networks is therefore essential. This paper presents a detailed examination of security assessment techniques for railway 5G networks, focusing on addressing the unique security challenges in this field. In this paper, various security requirements in railway 5G networks are analyzed, and specific processes and methods for conducting comprehensive security risk assessments are presented. This study provides a framework for securing railway 5G network development and ensuring its long-term sustainability.

The railway mobile communication system is undergoing a smooth transition from the Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R) to the Railway 5G. In this paper, an empirical path loss model based on a large amount of measured data is established to predict the path loss in the Railway 5G marshalling yard scenario. According to the different characteristics of base station directional antennas, the antenna gain is verified. Then we propose the position of the breakpoint in the antenna propagation area, and based on the breakpoint segmentation, a large-scale statistical model for marshalling yards is established.

Wireless communication technologies play an essential role in supporting railway operation and control. The current Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R) system offers a rich set of voice services and data services related with train control, but it has very limited multimedia service bearer capability. With the development of commercial wireless industry, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) mobile broadband technology is becoming the prevalent technology in most of commercial mobile networks. LTE is also a promising technology of future railway mobile communication systems. The 3rd Generation Partner Project (3GPP) and China Communications Standards Association (CCSA) have proposed two feasible LTE based broadband trunking communication solutions: the 3GPP Mission Critical Push to Talk (MCPTT) solution and B-TrunC solution. In this paper, we first introduce the development of railway mobile communications and LTE technology. The user requirements of future railway mobile communication system (FRMCS) are then discussed. We also analyze the suitability of the two LTE-based solutions for LTE based Next-Generation Railway Mobile Communication System (LTE-R) from different aspects.