Beyond Video Quality: Evaluation of Spatial Presence in 360-Degree Videos

doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202304012

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of immersive multimedia technologies, 360-degree video services have quickly gained popularity and how to ensure sufficient spatial presence of end users when viewing 360-degree videos becomes a new challenge. In this regard, accurately acquiring users’ sense of spatial presence is of fundamental importance for video service providers to improve their service quality. Unfortunately, there is no efficient evaluation model so far for measuring the sense of spatial presence for 360-degree videos. In this paper, we first design an assessment framework to clarify the influencing factors of spatial presence. Related parameters of 360-degree videos and head-mounted display devices are both considered in this framework. Well-designed subjective experiments are then conducted to investigate the impact of various influencing factors on the sense of presence. Based on the subjective ratings, we propose a spatial presence assessment model that can be easily deployed in 360-degree video applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt in literature to establish a quantitative spatial presence assessment model by using technical parameters that are easily extracted. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can reliably predict the sense of spatial presence.

Key words: virtual reality, quality assessment, omnidirectional video, spatial presence

ZOU Wenjie, GU Chengming, FAN Jiawei, HUANG Cheng, BAI Yaxian. Beyond Video Quality: Evaluation of Spatial Presence in 360-Degree Videos[J]. ZTE Communications, 2023, 21(4): 91-103.

Figures/Tables 24

References 46

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BPP	Bitrate/(Mbit/s)			BPP	Bitrate/(Mbit/s)
BPP	720P (1 280×640)	1080P (1 920×960)	2K (2 160×1 080)	BPP	4K (3 840×1 920)
0.016	0.39	0.89	1.12	0.011	2.50
0.032	0.79	1.77	2.24	0.024	5.20
0.056	1.38	3.10	3.92	0.056	12.39
0.08	1.97	4.42	5.60	0.08	17.70
0.16	3.93	8.85	11.20	0.16	35.39
0.20	4.92	11.06	14.00	0.20	44.24

BPP	Bitrate/(Mbit/s)			BPP	Bitrate/(Mbit/s)
BPP	720P (1 280×640)	1080P (1 920×960)	2K (2 160×1 080)	BPP	4K (3 840×1 920)
0.016	0.39	0.89	1.12	0.011	2.50
0.032	0.79	1.77	2.24	0.024	5.20
0.056	1.38	3.10	3.92	0.056	12.39
0.08	1.97	4.42	5.60	0.08	17.70
0.16	3.93	8.85	11.20	0.16	35.39
0.20	4.92	11.06	14.00	0.20	44.24

File Name	Signal Type	File Name	Signal Type
FCODSB1.WAV	music	LCODPIP.WAV	music
GCODCLA.WAV	music	NCODSFE.WAV	speech
LCODHRP.WAV	music	KREFSME.WAV	speech

File Name	Signal Type	File Name	Signal Type
FCODSB1.WAV	music	LCODPIP.WAV	music
GCODCLA.WAV	music	NCODSFE.WAV	speech
LCODHRP.WAV	music	KREFSME.WAV	speech

No.	Video /(Mbit/s)	Audio / (kbit/s)	No.	Video /(Mbit/s)	Audio / (kbit/s)
S1	2	16	S2	8	16
S1	8	32	S2	18	32
S1	18	64	S2	2	64
S1	18	16	S3	2	32
S1	2	64	S3	8	64
S1	4	128	S3	18	128
S2	2	16	S3	8	16
S2	8	64	S3	18	32
S2	18	128	S3	2	128