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ZTE Communications ›› 2016, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (2): 2-12.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5188.2016.02.001

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Subcarrier Intensity Modulated Optical Wireless Communications:A Survey from Communication Theory Perspective

Md Zoheb Hassan1, Md Jahangir Hossain2, Julian Cheng2, Victor C M Leung1   

  1. 1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
    2. School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
  • Received:2016-02-12 Online:2016-04-01 Published:2019-11-27
  • About author:Md. Zoheb Hassan (mdzoheb@ece.ubc.ca) obtained his BSc degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh in 2011, and MASc degree in electrical engineering from The University of British Columbia, Canada in 2013. He is currently working towards his Ph.D. degree in the department of electrical and computer engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. He is the recipient of 2014 four year fellowship at The University of British Columbia, Canada. His research interests include wireless optical communications, optimization and resource allocation in wireless communication networks, and digital communications over fading channels.
    Md. Jahangir Hossain (jahangir.hosaain@ubc.ca) received his BSc degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh, the MASc degree from the University of Victoria, Canada in August 2003, and the PhD degree from the University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada in 2007. He served as a lecturer at BUET. He was a research fellow with McGill University, Canada, the National Institute of Scientific Research, Canada, and the Institute for Telecommunications Research, University of South Australia, Australia. His industrial experiences include a senior systems engineer position with Redline Communications, Canada, and a research intern position with Communication Technology Lab, Intel, Inc. He is currently working as an assistant professor with the School of Engineering, UBC Okanagan campus, Canada. His research interests include bit interleaved coded modulation, spectrally efficient and power-efficient modulation schemes, cognitive radio, and cooperative communication systems. He is currently serving as an editor for the IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. He received the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postdoctoral Fellowship.
    Julian Cheng (julian.cheng@ubc.ca) received his BEng degree (First Class) in electrical engineering from the University of Victoria, Canada in 1995, the MSc (Eng) degree in mathematics and engineering from Queens University, Canada in 1997, and the PhD degree in electrical engineering from the University of Alberta, Canada in 2003. He is currently an associate professor in the School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Canada. From 2005 to 2006, he was an assistant professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Canada. Previously he worked for Bell Northern Research and Northern Telecom (later known as NORTEL Networks). His current research interests include digital communications over fading channels, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, spread spectrum communications, statistical signal processing for wireless applications, and optical wireless communications. Currently, he serves as an editor for IEEE Communication Letters, IEEE Transactions on Communications, an associate editor for IEEE Access, and a guest editor for a special issue of IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications on optical wireless communications. Dr. Cheng is also a senior member of IEEE.
    Victor C. M. Leung (vleung@ece.ubc.ca) is a professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the holder of the TELUS Mobility Research Chair at The University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada. His research is in the areas of wireless networks and mobile systems. He has co-authored more than 800 technical papers in archival journals and refereed conference proceedings, several of which had won best paper awards. Dr. Leung is a fellow of IEEE, a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering and a fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada. He is serving or has served on the editorial boards of JCN, IEEE JSAC, Transactions on Computers, Wireless Communications, and Vehicular Technology, Wireless Communications Letters, and several other journals. He has provided leadership to the technical program committees and organizing committees of numerous international conferences. Dr. Leung was the recipient of the 1977 APEBC Gold Medal, NSERC Postgraduate Scholarships from 1977-1981, a 2012 UBC Killam Research Prize, and an IEEE Vancouver Section Centennial Award.

Subcarrier Intensity Modulated Optical Wireless Communications:A Survey from Communication Theory Perspective

Md Zoheb Hassan1, Md Jahangir Hossain2, Julian Cheng2, Victor C M Leung1   

  1. 1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
    2. School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
  • 作者简介:Md. Zoheb Hassan (mdzoheb@ece.ubc.ca) obtained his BSc degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh in 2011, and MASc degree in electrical engineering from The University of British Columbia, Canada in 2013. He is currently working towards his Ph.D. degree in the department of electrical and computer engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. He is the recipient of 2014 four year fellowship at The University of British Columbia, Canada. His research interests include wireless optical communications, optimization and resource allocation in wireless communication networks, and digital communications over fading channels.
    Md. Jahangir Hossain (jahangir.hosaain@ubc.ca) received his BSc degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh, the MASc degree from the University of Victoria, Canada in August 2003, and the PhD degree from the University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada in 2007. He served as a lecturer at BUET. He was a research fellow with McGill University, Canada, the National Institute of Scientific Research, Canada, and the Institute for Telecommunications Research, University of South Australia, Australia. His industrial experiences include a senior systems engineer position with Redline Communications, Canada, and a research intern position with Communication Technology Lab, Intel, Inc. He is currently working as an assistant professor with the School of Engineering, UBC Okanagan campus, Canada. His research interests include bit interleaved coded modulation, spectrally efficient and power-efficient modulation schemes, cognitive radio, and cooperative communication systems. He is currently serving as an editor for the IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. He received the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postdoctoral Fellowship.
    Julian Cheng (julian.cheng@ubc.ca) received his BEng degree (First Class) in electrical engineering from the University of Victoria, Canada in 1995, the MSc (Eng) degree in mathematics and engineering from Queens University, Canada in 1997, and the PhD degree in electrical engineering from the University of Alberta, Canada in 2003. He is currently an associate professor in the School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Canada. From 2005 to 2006, he was an assistant professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Canada. Previously he worked for Bell Northern Research and Northern Telecom (later known as NORTEL Networks). His current research interests include digital communications over fading channels, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, spread spectrum communications, statistical signal processing for wireless applications, and optical wireless communications. Currently, he serves as an editor for IEEE Communication Letters, IEEE Transactions on Communications, an associate editor for IEEE Access, and a guest editor for a special issue of IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications on optical wireless communications. Dr. Cheng is also a senior member of IEEE.
    Victor C. M. Leung (vleung@ece.ubc.ca) is a professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the holder of the TELUS Mobility Research Chair at The University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada. His research is in the areas of wireless networks and mobile systems. He has co-authored more than 800 technical papers in archival journals and refereed conference proceedings, several of which had won best paper awards. Dr. Leung is a fellow of IEEE, a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering and a fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada. He is serving or has served on the editorial boards of JCN, IEEE JSAC, Transactions on Computers, Wireless Communications, and Vehicular Technology, Wireless Communications Letters, and several other journals. He has provided leadership to the technical program committees and organizing committees of numerous international conferences. Dr. Leung was the recipient of the 1977 APEBC Gold Medal, NSERC Postgraduate Scholarships from 1977-1981, a 2012 UBC Killam Research Prize, and an IEEE Vancouver Section Centennial Award.

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Abstract: Subcarrier intensity modulation with direct detection is a modulation/detection technique for optical wireless communication systems, where a pre-modulated and properly biased radio frequency signal is modulated on the intensity of the optical carrier. The most important benefits of subcarrier intensity modulation are as follows: 1) it does not provide irreducible error floor like the conventional on-off keying intensity modulation with a fixed detection threshold; 2) it provides improved spectral efficiency and supports higher order modulation schemes; and 3) it has much less implementation complexity compared to coherent optical wireless communications with heterodyne or homodyne detection. In this paper, we present an up-to-date review of subcarrier intensity modulated optical wireless communication systems. We survey the error rate and outage performance of subcarrier intensity modulations in the atmospheric turbulence channels considering different modulation and coding schemes. We also explore different contemporary atmospheric turbulence fading mitigation solutions that can be employed for subcarrier intensity modulation. These solutions include diversity combining, adaptive transmission, relay assisted transmission, multiple-subcarrier intensity modulations, and optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Moreover, we review the performance of subcarrier intensity modulations due to the pointing error and synchronization error.

Key words: Atmospheric turbulence fading, optical wireless communications, subcarrier intensity modulation

摘要： Subcarrier intensity modulation with direct detection is a modulation/detection technique for optical wireless communication systems, where a pre-modulated and properly biased radio frequency signal is modulated on the intensity of the optical carrier. The most important benefits of subcarrier intensity modulation are as follows: 1) it does not provide irreducible error floor like the conventional on-off keying intensity modulation with a fixed detection threshold; 2) it provides improved spectral efficiency and supports higher order modulation schemes; and 3) it has much less implementation complexity compared to coherent optical wireless communications with heterodyne or homodyne detection. In this paper, we present an up-to-date review of subcarrier intensity modulated optical wireless communication systems. We survey the error rate and outage performance of subcarrier intensity modulations in the atmospheric turbulence channels considering different modulation and coding schemes. We also explore different contemporary atmospheric turbulence fading mitigation solutions that can be employed for subcarrier intensity modulation. These solutions include diversity combining, adaptive transmission, relay assisted transmission, multiple-subcarrier intensity modulations, and optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Moreover, we review the performance of subcarrier intensity modulations due to the pointing error and synchronization error.

关键词: Atmospheric turbulence fading, optical wireless communications, subcarrier intensity modulation