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    25 October 2017, Volume 15 Issue 4
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    The whole issue of ZTE Communications October 2017, Vol. 15 No. 4
    2017, 15(4):  0. 
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    Special Topic
    Cloud Computing, Fog Computing, and Dew Computing
    PAN Yi, LUO Guangchun
    2017, 15(4):  1-2. 
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    A Transparent and User-Centric Approach to Unify Resource Management and Code Scheduling of Local, Edge, and Cloud
    ZHOU Yuezhi, ZHANG Di, ZHANG Yaoxue
    2017, 15(4):  3-11.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5188.2017.04.001
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    Recently, several novel computing paradigms are proposed, e.g., fog computing and edge computing. In such more decentralized computing paradigms, the location and resource for code execution and data storage of end applications could also be optionally distributed among different places or machines. In this paper, we position that this situation requires a new transparent and user-centric approach to unify the resource management and code scheduling from the perspective of end users. We elaborate our vision and propose a software-defined code scheduling framework. The proposed framework allows the code execution or data storage of end applications to be adaptively done at appropriate machines under the help of a performance and capacity monitoring facility, intelligently improving application performance for end users. A pilot system and preliminary results show the advantage of the framework and thus the advocated vision for end users.

    An OS for Internet of Everything: Early Experience from A Smart Home Prototype
    CAO Jie, XU Lanyu, Raef Abdallah, SHI Weisong
    2017, 15(4):  12-22.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5188.2017.04.002
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    The proliferation of the Internet of Everything (IoE) has pulled computing to the edge of the network, such as smart homes, autonomous vehicles, robots, and so on. The operating system as the manager of the computing resources, is also facing new challenges. For IoE systems and applications, an innovative operating system is missing to support services, collect data, and manage the things. However, IoE applications are all around us and increasingly becoming a necessity rather than a luxury. Therefore, it is important that the process of configuring and adding devices to the IoE is not a complex one. The ease of installation, operation, and maintenance of devices on the network unarguably plays an important role in the wide spread use of IoE devices in smart homes and everywhere else. In this paper, we propose Sofie, which is a smart operating system for the IoE. We also give the design of Sofie. Sofie can be implemented via different IoT systems, such as Home Assistant, openHAB, and so on. In order to implement Sofie to get some early experience, we leverage Home Assistant to build a prototype for the smart home. Our work shows that Sofie could be helpful for practitioners to better manage their IoE systems.

    HCOS: A Unified Model and Architecture for Cloud Operating System
    CHEN Aiguo, WU Huaigu, TIAN Ling, LUO Guangchun
    2017, 15(4):  23-29.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5188.2017.04.003
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    Currently, Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS) and Platform as a Service(PaaS) platforms play a role as a cloud operating system(COS).They are separated from each other in resource management, which may cause inconsistent resource status and result in the decrease of performance. Moreover, heterogeneous resources are not managed well in existing cloud computing platforms. Referring to the theory of operating system, we propose a unified architecture model of cloud operating system, which has six layers corresponding to the layered architecture of legacy operating system. Based on this architecture, a new cloud operating system called Hua-Cloud Computing System(HCOS) is realized. In HCOS, the hybrid resources are managed in a unified way. This method improves the unified scheduling capability of heterogeneous resources and eliminates the problem of resource status inconsistency. The main characteristics of HCOS are introduced and two typical applications are illustrated in this paper.

    Dew Computing and Transition of Internet Computing Paradigms
    WANG Yingwei, Karolj Skala, Andy Rindos, Marjan Gusev, YANG Shuhui, PAN Yi
    2017, 15(4):  30-37.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5188.2017.04.004
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    The goal of this paper focuses on the development of dew computing, including its origins, research status, development status, and its impact on the transition history of Internet computing paradigms. By gathering and studying all the research papers related to dew computing that we are aware of, we found that these papers can be classified into three groups: dew computing early explorations, dew computing feature research, and dew computing application research. Commercial development in the dew computing area also has progressed fast recently; many dew computing products were developed and put into the market. To distinguish dew computing from other Internet computing paradigms and to reveal its essential features, we analyze the transition history of the Internet computing paradigms from information location and distribution aspects. Online impact and redundancy rate are two indices introduced to perform the analysis. The analysis reveals that dew computing is significantly different from other Internet computing paradigms.

    Online Shuffling with Task Duplication in Cloud
    ZANG Qimeng, GUO Song
    2017, 15(4):  38-42.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5188.2017.04.005
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    Task duplication has been widely adopted to mitigate the impact of stragglers that run much longer than normal tasks. However, task duplication on data pipelining case would generate excessive traffic over the datacenter networks. In this paper, we study minimizing the traffic cost for data pipelining task replications and design a controller that chooses the data generated by the first finished task and discards data generated later by other replications belonging to the same task. Each task replication communicates with the controller when it finishes a data processing, which causes additional network overhead. Hence, we try to reduce the network overhead and make a trade-off between the delay of data block and the network overhead. Finally, extensive simulation results demonstrate that our proposal can minimize network traffic cost under data pipelining case.

    Technical Analysis of Network Plug-in Flannel for Containers
    YANG Yong, DONG Xiugang, DONG Zhenjiang
    2017, 15(4):  43-46.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5188.2017.04.006
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    The development of cloud computing has made container technology a hot research issue in recent years. The container technology provides a basic support for micro service architecture, while container networking plays an important role in application of the container technology. In this paper, we study the technical implementation of the Flannel module, a network plug-in for Docker containers, including its functions, implementation principle, utilization, and performance. The performance of Flannel in different modes is further tested and analyzed in real application scenarios.

    Review
    Virtualization Technology in Cloud Computing Based Radio Access Networks: A Primer
    ZHANG Xian, PENG Mugen
    2017, 15(4):  47-66.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5188.2017.04.007
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    Since virtualization technology enables the abstraction and sharing of resources in a flexible management way, the overall expenses of network deployment can be significantly reduced. Therefore, the technology has been widely applied in the core network. With the tremendous growth in mobile traffic and services, it is natural to extend virtualization technology to the cloud computing based radio access networks (CC-RANs) for achieving high spectral efficiency with low cost. In this paper, the virtualization technologies in CC-RANs are surveyed, including the system architecture, key enabling techniques, challenges, and open issues. The enabling key technologies for virtualization in CC-RANs mainly including virtual resource allocation, radio access network (RAN) slicing, mobility management, and social-awareness have been comprehensively surveyed to satisfy the isolation, customization and high-efficiency utilization of radio resources. The challenges and open issues mainly focus on virtualization levels for CC-RANs, signaling design for CC-RAN virtualization, performance analysis for CC-RAN virtualization, and network security for virtualized CC-RANs.