The Bessel beam, characterized by its unique non-diffracting properties, holds promising applications. In this paper, we provide a detailed introduction and investigation into the theory and research of the Bessel beam, with a special focus on its generation and applications in the near-field region. We provide an introduction to the concepts, properties, and foundational theories of the Bessel beam. Additionally, the current study on generating Bessel beams and their applications is categorized and discussed, and potential research challenges are proposed in this paper. This review serves as a solid foundation for researchers to understand the concept of the Bessel beam and explore its potential applications.