Differential Quasi-Yagi Antenna and Array

doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202303006

ZTE Communications ›› 2023, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 37-44.DOI: 10.12142/ZTECOM.202303006

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Differential Quasi-Yagi Antenna and Array

ZHU Zhihao¹, ZHANG Yueping²()

^1.Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Design and Electromagnetic Compatibility of High?Speed Electronic Systems, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
^2.Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore

Received:2023-03-11 Online:2023-09-21 Published:2023-03-22
About author:ZHU Zhihao received his BS degree from Hangzhou Dianzi University, China in 2016. He is currently pursuing an MS degree in electronic science and technology with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. His research interests include antenna theory and design, especially in shorted patch antennas, broadband printed antennas, antenna decoupling, and antenna-in-package (AiP).|ZHANG Yueping (eypzhang@ntu.edu.sg) is a full professor with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He is a Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (IEEE AP-S) and Fellow of the IEEE. He was a member of the IEEE AP-S Field Award Committee (2015–2017) and an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation (2010–2016). Prof. ZHANG has published numerous papers, including two invited papers and one regular paper in the Proceedings of the IEEE and one invited paper in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. He is a Chinese radio scientist who has published a historical article in English learned journals such as the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. He received the 2012 IEEE AP-S Sergei A. Schelkunoff Prize Paper Award. Prof. ZHANG has been invited to deliver plenary speeches at the flagship conferences organized by IEEE, CIE, EurAAP, and IEICE. He received the Best Paper Award from the 2nd IEEE/IET International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, the Best Paper Prize from the 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology, and the Best Paper Award from the 10th IEEE Global Symposium on Millimeter-Waves. He holds seven US patents. He has made pioneering and significant contributions to the development of AiP technology. He received the 2020 IEEE AP-S John Kraus Antenna Award. His current interests are in the development of antenna-on-chip (AoC) technology for very large-scale antenna integration and characterization of chip-scale propagation channels at terahertz for wireless chip area networks (WCAN).

Abstract

Abstract:

A novel differential quasi-Yagi antenna is first presented and compared with a normal single-ended counterpart. The simulated and measured results show that the differential quasi-Yagi antenna outperforms the conventional single-ended one. The differential quasi-Yagi antenna is then used as an element for linear arrays. A study of the coupling mechanism between the two differential and the two single-ended quasi-Yagi antennas is conducted, which reveals that the TE₀ mode is the dominant mode, and the driver is the decisive part to account for the mutual coupling. Next, the effects of four decoupling structures are respectively evaluated between the two differential quasi-Yagi antennas. Finally, the arrays with simple but effective decoupling structures are fabricated and measured. The measured results demonstrate that the simple slit or air-hole decoupling structure can reduce the coupling level from -18 dB to -25 dB and meanwhile maintain the impedance matching and radiation patterns of the array over the broad bandwidth. The differential quasi-Yagi antenna should be a promising antenna candidate for many applications.

Key words: differential quasi-Yagi antenna and array, mutual coupling, surface wave

ZHU Zhihao, ZHANG Yueping. Differential Quasi-Yagi Antenna and Array[J]. ZTE Communications, 2023, 21(3): 37-44.

Figures/Tables 18

Figure 1 Structure and dimensions of the differential quasi-Yagi antenna

Figure 2 Photo of the differential quasi-Yagi antenna

Figure 3 Electric field distribution on the (a) top and (b) bottom surfaces

Figure 4 Simulated and measured |Sdd11| of the differential quasi-Yagi antenna

Figure 5 Simulated and measured E- and H-plane radiation patterns of differential quasi-Yagi antennas at (a) 8.2 GHz, (b) 10.6 GHz, and (c) 12.3 GHz

Figure 6 Simulated and measured gain values of the differential quasi-Yagi antenna

Table 1 Single-ended and differential quasi-Yagi antennas

Reference	Bandwidth/%	Gain/dBi	Efficiency/%	X-pol/dB	FBR/dB
Ref. [7]	48	4.6	93	-12	12
This work	73	4.4	94	-21	15

Figure 7 Structures of the E-plane linear differential quasi-Yagi arrays of (a) two elements and (b) four elements

Figure 8 Simulated electric field distributions: (a) only driver, (b) driver and director, (c) driver, director and differential coplanar strip (CPS), (d) driver, director, CPS and balun, and (e) driver, director, CPS and tapered coupled microstrip line (TCML)

Figure 9 Simulated |Sdd11| and |Sdd21| as a function of frequency for the cases in Figs. 8(a) and 8(b)

Figure 10 Simulated |Sdd11| and |Sdd21| as a function of frequency for the case in Fig. 8(c)

Figure 11 Simulated |S11| and |S21| as a function of frequency for the single-ended quasi-Yagi array with the spacing of 15 mm between the two elements

Figure 12 Simulated |Sdd11| and |Sdd21| as a function of frequency for the single-ended quasi-Yagi array with a spacing of 15 mm between the two elements

Figure 13 Photos of the two-element differential quasi-Yagi arrays: (a) solid, (b) slit, and (c) air holes

Figure 14 Measured |Sdd11| and |Sdd21| as a function of frequency for the differential quasi-Yagi antennas: (a) solid, (b) slit, and (c) air holes

Figure 15 Photo of the four-element differential quasi-Yagi array

Figure 16 Measured |Sdd11| and |Sdd21| as a function of frequency for the four-element differential quasi-Yagi array

Figure 17 Simulated and calculated E-plane radiation patterns of the four-element differential quasi-Yagi array at (a) 8.2 GHz, (b) 8.7 GHz, (c) 10.6 GHz, and (d) 12.3 GHz

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Differential Quasi-Yagi Antenna and Array

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