Device-to-Device Based Cooperative Relaying for 5G Network: A Comparative Review

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5188.2017.S1.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Due to the proliferation of mobile internet access, the cellular traffic is envisaged to experience a 1000-fold growth in the second decade of the 21st century. To meet such a huge traffic demand, the Fifth Generation (5G) network have to adopt new techniques to substantially increase spectral efficiency and reliability. At the base station side, available resources (power supply, equipment size, processing capability, etc.) are far more sufficient than that of the terminal side, which imposes a high challenge on the uplink transmission. The concept of cooperative communications opens a possibility of using multiple terminals to cooperatively achieve spatial diversity that is typically obtained by means of multiple antennas in the base station. The application of Device-to-Device (D2D) communications in the 3GPP LTE system further pushes the collaboration of terminals from the theory to the practice. The utilization of D2D-based cooperative relaying is promising in the era of 5G. In this paper, we comparatively study several cooperative multi-relay schemes, including the proposed opportunistic space-time coding, in the presence of imperfect channel state information. The numerical results reveal that the proposed scheme is the best cooperative solution until now from the perspective of multiplexing-diversity tradeoff.

Key words: cooperative communications, Device-to-Device (D2D), Distributed Space-Time Coding (DSTC), outdated chanel state information, opportunistic relaying

JIANG Wei. Device-to-Device Based Cooperative Relaying for 5G Network: A Comparative Review[J]. ZTE Communications, 2017, 15(S1): 60-66.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

Figures/Tables 4

References 48

[1]	R.E. Hattachi and J. Erfanian , “NGMN 5G white paper,” NGMN Alliance, Feb. 2015.
[2]	A. Osseiran, F. Boccardi, V. Braun , et al., “Scenarios for 5G mobile and wireless communications: the vision of the METIS project,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 26-35, May 2014. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2014.6815890.
[3]	J. G. Andrews, S. Buzzi, W. Choi , et al., “What will 5G be?” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas Communications, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1065-1082, Jun. 2014. doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2014.2328098.
[4]	S. Han, Y. C. Liang, Q. Chen, B. H. Soong , “Licensed-assisted access for LTE in unlicensed spectrum: a MAC protocol design,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas Communications, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 2550-2561, Oct. 2016. doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2016.2605959.
[5]	J. Liu, N. Kato, J. Ma, N. Kadowaki , “Device-to-device communication in LTE-advanced networks: a survey,” IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1923-1940, 2015. doi: 10.1109/COMST.2014.2375934.
[6]	B. A. A. Nunes M. Mendonca X.-N. Nguyen K. Obraczka, and T. Turletti , “A survey of software-defined networking: past, present, and future of programmable networks,” IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1617-1634, 2014. doi: 10.1109/SURV.2014.012214.00180.
[7]	R. Mijumbi, J. Serrat, J.-L Gorricho , et al., “Network function virtualization: state-of-the-art and research challenges,” IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 236-262, 2016. doi: 10.1109/COMST.2015.2477041.
[8]	D. Tse and P. Viswanath , “The wireless channe,” in Fundamentals of Wireless Communication, 1st ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005, ch. 2, sec. 1, pp. 21-31.
[9]	G. J. Foschini and M. Gans , “On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using multiple antennas,” Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 6, pp. 311-335, Mar. 1998. doi: 10.1023/A:1008889222784.
[10]	J. Hoydis, S. ten Brink, and M. Debbah , “Massive MIMO in the UL/DL of cellular networks: How many antennas do we need?” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas Communications, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 160-171, Feb. 2013. doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2013.130205.
[11]	Z. Pi, and F. Khan , “An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 101-107, Jun. 2011. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2011.5783993.
[12]	H. Ishii, Y. Kishiyama, H. Takahashi , “A novel architecture for LTE-B: C-plane/U-plane split and Phantom Cell concept,” in Proc. IEEE Globecom Workshops, Anaheim, USA, 2012, pp. 624-630. doi: 10.1109/GLOCOMW.2012.6477646.
[13]	T. Nakamura, S. Nagata, A. Benjebbour , et al., “Trends in small cell enhancements in LTE advanced,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 98-105, Feb. 2013. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2013.6461192.
[14]	A. Sendonaris, E. Erkip, B. Aazhang , “User cooperation diversity—Part I and II,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 1927-1948, Nov. 2003. doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2003.818096.
[15]	T. M. Cover and A. A. E. Gamal , “Capacity theorems for the relay channel,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 572-584, Sept. 1979. doi: 10.1109/TIT.1979.1056084.
[16]	J. N. Laneman, D. Tse, G. W. Wornell , “Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: efficient protocols and outage behaviour,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 3062-3080, Dec. 2004. doi: 10.1109/TIT.2004.838089.
[17]	Z. Zhang, K. Long, A. V. Vasilakos, L. Hanzo , “Full-duplex wireless communications: challenges, solutions, and future research directions,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 104, no. 7, pp. 1369-1409, Jul. 2016. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2015.2497203.
[18]	M. Torabi, D. Haccoun, and J.-F. Frigon , “Relay selection in AF cooperative systems: an overview,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 104-113, Dec. 2012. doi: 10.1109/MVT.2012.2216751.
[19]	L. Xiao and X. Dong , “Unified analysis of generalized selection combining with normalized threshold test per branch,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 2153-2163, Aug. 2006. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2006. 1687731.
[20]	Y. Jing and H. Jafarkhani , “Network beamforming using relays with perfect channel information,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2499-2517, Jun. 2009. doi: 10.1109/TIT.2009.2018175.
[21]	X. Luo , “Multiuser massive MIMO performance with calibration errors,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 4521-4534, Jul. 2016. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2016.2542135.
[22]	J.N. Laneman and G. W. Wornell , “Distributed space-time-coded protocols for exploiting cooperative diversity in wireless networks,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 2415-2425, Oct. 2003. doi: 10.1109/TIT.2003.817829.
[23]	A. Bletsas, A. Khisti, D. P. Reed, A. Lippman , “A simple cooperative diversity method based on network path selection,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas Communications, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 659-672, Mar. 2006. doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2005.862417.
[24]	A. Bletsas, H. Shin, M. Z. Win , “Cooperative communications with outage-optimal opportunistic relaying,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 3450-3460, Sept. 2007. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2007. 06020050.
[25]	J. L. Vicario, A. Bel, J. A. Lopez-Salcedo and G. Seco , “Opportunistic relay selection with outdated CSI: outage probability and diversity analysis,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 2872-2876, Jun. 2009. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2009.081561.
[26]	M. Seyfi, S. Muhaidat, J. Liang, M. Dianati , “Effect of feedback delay on the performance of cooperative networks with relay selection,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 4161-4171, Dec. 2011. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2011.101711.100901.
[27]	S. Kim, S. Park, D. Hong , “Performance analysis of opportunistic relaying scheme with outdated channel information,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 538-549, Feb. 2013. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2012.122212.111556.
[28]	M. Torabi, D. Haccoun, and J.-F. Frigon , “Impact of outdated relay selection on the capacity of AF opportunistic relaying systems with adaptive transmission over non-identically distributed links,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 3626-3631, Nov. 2011. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2011.092711.110136.
[29]	M. Torabi and D. Haccoun , “Capacity of amplify-and-forward selective relaying with adaptive transmission under outdated channel information,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 2416-2422, Jun. 2011. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2011.2139232.
[30]	M. Torabi and D. Haccoun , “Capacity analysis of opportunistic relaying in cooperative systems with outdated channel information,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1137-1139, Dec. 2010. doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2010.12.101179.
[31]	N. S. Ferdinand, N. Rajatheva, and M. Latva-aho , “Effects of feedback delay in partial relay selection over Nakagami-m fading channels,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1620-1634, May 2012. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2012.2187691.
[32]	M. Soysa, H. A. Suraweera, C. Tellambura, H. K. Garg , “Partial and opportunistic relay selection with outdated channel estimates,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 840-850, Mar. 2012. doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2012.12.100671.
[33]	O. Amin, S. S. Ikki, M. Uysal , “On the performance analysis of multirelay cooperative diversity systems with channel estimation errors,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 2050-2059, Jun. 2011. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2011.2121926.
[34]	B. Zhao and M. C. Valenti , “Practical relay networks: a generalization of hybrid-ARQ,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 7-18, Jan. 2005. doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2004.837352.
[35]	Y. Li, Q. Yin, W. Xu, and H.-M. Wang , “On the design of relay selection strategies in regenerative cooperative networks with outdated CSI,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 3086-3097, Sept. 2011. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2011.072511.110077.
[36]	M. Chen, T. C.-K Liu, and X. Dong , “Opportunistic multiple relay selection with outdated channel state information,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 1333-1345, Mar. 2012. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2011. 2182001.
[37]	W. Jiang, T. Kaiser, A. J. H. Vinck , “A robust opportunistic relaying strategy for co-operative wireless communications,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 2642-2655, Apr. 2016. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2015.2506574.
[38]	V. Tarokh, H. Jafarkhani, A. R. Calderbank , “Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 1456-1467, Jul. 1999. doi: 10.1109/18.771146.
[39]	W. Jiang, H. Cao, T. Kaiser , “Opportunistic space-time coding to exploit cooperative diversity in fast-fading channels,” in Proc. IEEE ICC’2014, Sydney, Australia, Jun. 2014, pp. 4814-4819. doi: 10.1109/ICC.2014.6884082.
[40]	W. Jiang, H. Cao, M. Wiemeler, T. Kaiser , “Achieving high reliability in Aerial-Terrestrial networks: Opportunistic space-time coding,” in Proc. 2014 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC), Bologna, Itay, Jun. 2014, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/EuCNC.2014.6882624.
[41]	S. M. Alamouti , “A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas Communications, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1451-1458, Oct. 1998. doi: 10.1109/49.730453.
[42]	A. A. Nasir, H. Mehrpouyan, S. Durrani , et al., “Transceiver design for distributed STBC based AF cooperative networks in the presence of Timing and Frequency offsets,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 3143-3158, Jun. 15, 2013. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2013.2258015.
[43]	Q. Huang, M. Ghogho, J. Wei, P. Ciblat , “Practical timing and frequency synchronization for OFDM-based cooperative systems,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 3706-3716, Jul. 2010. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2010.2046898.
[44]	A. A. Nasir, H. Mehrpouyan, S. D. Blostein, S. Durrani, R. A. Kennedy , “Timing and carrier synchronization with channel estimation in multi-relay cooperative networks,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 793-811, Feb. 2012. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2011.2174792.
[45]	H. Mehrpouyan and S. D. Blostein , “Bounds and algorithms for multiple frequency offset estimation in cooperative networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1300-1311, Apr. 2011. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2011.030311.101184.
[46]	EU FP7. (2016, Oct.). ABSOLUTE project [Online]. Available: http://www.absolute-project.eu
[47]	W. Jiang, H. Cao, T. Kaiser , “Power optimal allocation in decode-and-forward opportunistic relaying,” in Proc. IEEE WCNC’ 2014, Istanbul, Turkey, Apr. 2014, pp. 1001-1006. doi: 10.1109/WCNC.2014.6952245.
[48]	T.R. Ramya and S. Bhashyam , “Using delayed feedback for antenna selection in MIMO systems,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 6059-6067, Dec. 2009. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2009.12.090304.