Precise Location of Passive Intermodulation in Long Cables by Fractional Frequency Based Multi-Range Rulers

doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202501013

ZTE Communications ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 101-106.DOI: 10.12142/ZTECOM.202501013

• Research Papers • 上一篇下一篇

收稿日期:2024-03-04 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-25

Precise Location of Passive Intermodulation in Long Cables by Fractional Frequency Based Multi-Range Rulers

DONG Anhua¹, LIANG Haodong², ZHU Shaohao², ZHANG Qi¹, ZHAO Deshuang¹()

^1.University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
^2.ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen 518057, China

Received:2024-03-04 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-25
About author:DONG Anhua received his BS degree from Jilin University, China in 2021. He is currently pursuing his ME degree at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. His research interests include the positioning of radiated passive inter-modulation.
LIANG Haodong received his PhD degree in guidance, navigation and control from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China in 2021. He is currently an algorithm engineer at ZTE Corporation. His research interests include the modeling and positioning of passive inter-modulation.
ZHU Shaohao received his PhD degree in underwater acoustic engineering from Northwestern Polytechnical University, China in 2021. He is currently an RF algorithm engineer at ZTE Corporation. His research interests include PIM mechanism, PIM cancellation, source location, and array beamforming.
ZHANG Qi received his BS degree from Henan Polytechnic University, China in 2023. He is currently pursuing his ME degree at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. His research interest focuses on the positioning of radiated passive intermodulation.
ZHAO Deshuang (dszhao@uestc.edu.cn) received his PhD degree in optical engineering from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), in 2005. He is currently a professor with the School of Physics, UESTC. His research interests include the modeling and positioning of conductor-guided and radiated passive intermodulation.

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

A novel method is developed by utilizing the fractional frequency based multi-range rulers to precisely position the passive intermodulation (PIM) sources within radio frequency (RF) cables. The proposed method employs a set of fractional frequencies to create multiple measuring rulers with different metric ranges to determine the values of the tens, ones, tenths, and hundredths digits of the distance. Among these rulers, the one with the lowest frequency determines the maximum metric range, while the one with the highest frequency decides the highest achievable accuracy of the position system. For all rulers, the metric accuracy is uniquely determined by the phase accuracy of the detected PIM signals. With the all-phase Fourier transform method, the phases of the PIM signals at all fractional frequencies maintain almost the same accuracy, approximately 1°(about 1/360 wavelength in the positioning accuracy) at the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 10 dB. Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, improving the positioning accuracy of the cable PIM up to a millimeter level with the highest fractional frequency operating at 200 MHz.

Key words: passive intermodulation, location, multi-range

. [J]. ZTE Communications, 2025, 23(1): 101-106.

DONG Anhua, LIANG Haodong, ZHU Shaohao, ZHANG Qi, ZHAO Deshuang. Precise Location of Passive Intermodulation in Long Cables by Fractional Frequency Based Multi-Range Rulers[J]. ZTE Communications, 2025, 23(1): 101-106.

图/表 8

参考文献 12

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Distance/m	Error#1/mm	Error#2/mm	Error#3/mm	Error#4/mm	Error#5/mm	Average Error/mm
20	0.692	0.795	0.751	0.780	0.721	0.747 8
18	0.467	0.557	0.287	0.287	0.467	0.413 0
16	0.336	0.336	0.236	0.336	0.236	0.296 0
14	0.741	0.719	0.732	0.727	0.732	0.730 2
12	0.300	0.519	0.339	0.191	0.300	0.329 8
10	0.332	0.575	0.413	0.494	0.332	0.429 2
7	0.433	0.357	0.509	0.509	0.585	0.478 6
5	0.280	0.280	0.508	0.166	0.166	0.280 0
3	0.689	0.737	0.737	0.717	0.746	0.735 2
1	0.504	0.262	0.357	0.452	0.357	0.386 4
0.7	0.259	0.259	0.450	0.641	0.641	0.450 0
0.5	0.658	0.710	0.710	0.658	0.658	0.678 8
0.3	0.780	0.693	0.564	0.607	0.607	0.650 5
0.1	0.174	0.399	0.286	0.174	0.286	0.263 8

Distance/m	Error#1/mm	Error#2/mm	Error#3/mm	Error#4/mm	Error#5/mm	Average Error/mm
20	0.692	0.795	0.751	0.780	0.721	0.747 8
18	0.467	0.557	0.287	0.287	0.467	0.413 0
16	0.336	0.336	0.236	0.336	0.236	0.296 0
14	0.741	0.719	0.732	0.727	0.732	0.730 2
12	0.300	0.519	0.339	0.191	0.300	0.329 8
10	0.332	0.575	0.413	0.494	0.332	0.429 2
7	0.433	0.357	0.509	0.509	0.585	0.478 6
5	0.280	0.280	0.508	0.166	0.166	0.280 0
3	0.689	0.737	0.737	0.717	0.746	0.735 2
1	0.504	0.262	0.357	0.452	0.357	0.386 4
0.7	0.259	0.259	0.450	0.641	0.641	0.450 0
0.5	0.658	0.710	0.710	0.658	0.658	0.678 8
0.3	0.780	0.693	0.564	0.607	0.607	0.650 5
0.1	0.174	0.399	0.286	0.174	0.286	0.263 8

PIM Locating Technology	Scenario	Distance/m	Working Frequency/MHz	Error/mm
The near-field scanning^{[1, 12]}	Microstrip line	0.21	935–960	10
Acoustic vibration^{[1, 9]}	Antenna	–	1 850–1 990	10
K-space muti-carrier signals^[10]	Cables	2.437	1 125–1 175	37.5
Emission source microsopy^[8]	PCB	0.7	1 932–1 985	5
Our work	Cables	20	1 805–1 880	0.519

PIM Locating Technology	Scenario	Distance/m	Working Frequency/MHz	Error/mm
The near-field scanning^{[1, 12]}	Microstrip line	0.21	935–960	10
Acoustic vibration^{[1, 9]}	Antenna	–	1 850–1 990	10
K-space muti-carrier signals^[10]	Cables	2.437	1 125–1 175	37.5
Emission source microsopy^[8]	PCB	0.7	1 932–1 985	5
Our work	Cables	20	1 805–1 880	0.519

Precise Location of Passive Intermodulation in Long Cables by Fractional Frequency Based Multi-Range Rulers

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