In a visible light communication (VLC) system, the light emitting diode (LED) is nonlinear for large signals, which limits the transmission power or equivalently the coverage of the VLC system. When the input signal amplitude is large, the nonlinear distortion creates harmonic and intermodulation distortion, which degrades the transmission error vector magnitude (EVM). To evaluate the impact of nonlinearity on system performance, the signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) is applied, defined as the linear signal power over the thermal noise plus the front end nonlinear distortion. At a given noise level, the optimal system performance can be achieved by maximizing the SNDR, which results in high transmission rate or long transmission range for the VLC system. In this paper, we provide theoretical analysis on the optimization of SNDR with a nonlinear Hammerstein model of LED. Simulation results and lab experiments validate the theoretical analysis.

The Internet of today is facing serious challenges including lack of routing system scalability, unpredictable network behavior, uncertainty of data packet paths, poor control and manageability, unachieved Quality of Service (QoS), vulnerability of network facilities to Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDOS) attacks, core router complexity, costliness, and high power consumption. All of these defects have their root causes in the routing system. This paper first proposes a new network architecture which combines network typology with addressing. It then highlights that reliability of the tree structure is guaranteed by the concepts of logical node and logical link. Furthermore, shortcut link technology makes tree topology more flexible, and IP routing can be replaced with IP switching. As a result, all flaws in the current Internet architecture can be overcome.