Prototype of Multi-Identifier SystemBased on Voting Consensus

doi:10.12142/ZTECOM.202001003

ZTE Communications ›› 2020, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (1): 7-17.DOI: 10.12142/ZTECOM.202001003

收稿日期:2019-12-16 出版日期:2020-03-25 发布日期:2020-06-15

Prototype of Multi-Identifier SystemBased on Voting Consensus

XING Kaixuan¹, LI Hui¹(), YIN Feng¹, MA Huajun¹, HOU Hanxu², XU Huanle², HAN Yunghsiang S.², LIU Ji¹, SUN Tao³

^1.Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
^2.School of Electrical Engineering and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
^3.The Network and Information Center of Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China

Received:2019-12-16 Online:2020-03-25 Published:2020-06-15
About author:XING Kaixuan is a postgraduate student of Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, China. His research interests include new architectures and new generations of information communication technology.|LI Hui (lih64@pkusz.edu.cn) received the B.Eng. and M.S. degrees in information engineering from Tsinghua University, China in 1986 and 1989, and Ph.D. degree in information engineering from The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China in 2000. He is currently a professor with Peking University, China. His research interests include future network architecture, cyberspace security, and blockchain technology.|YIN Feng is a postgraduate student of Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, China. His research interests include blockchain technology and network security.|MA Huajun is a postgraduate student of Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, China. His research interests include network security and distributed system technology.|HOU Hanxu received the B.Eng. degree in information security from Xidian University, China in 2010 and Ph.D. degrees in information engineering from The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China in 2015 and from the School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, China. He is now an assistant professor with the School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, China. His research interests include erasure coding and coding for distributed storage systems.|XU Huanle received the B.Sc. (Eng.) degree from the Department of Information Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China in 2012 and Ph.D. degree from the Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China in 2016. His primary research interests focus on job scheduling and resource allocation in cloud computing, decentralized social net-works, parallel graph algorithms and machine learning. He is also interested in designing wonderful algorithms for real applications and practical systems using mathematical tools.|Yunghsiang S. HAN received his Ph.D. degree from the School of Computer and Information Science, Syracuse University, USA in 1993. Now he is with School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, China. He has also been a chair professor at Taipei University, China since February 2015. His research interests are in error-control coding, wireless networks, and security. Dr. HAN was a winner of the 1994 Syracuse University Doctoral Prize and a Fellow of IEEE. One of his papers won the prestigious 2013 ACM CCS Test-of-Time Award in cybersecurity.|LIU Ji is the director of the Information Office at Shenzhen Graduate School,Peking University. His research interest is new network architecture.|SUN Tao is the director of The Network Information Center of Shenzhen University Town. His research interests include blockchain and cyberspace security.
Supported by:
PCL Future Regional Network Facilities for Large-scale Experiments and Applications(PCL2018KP001);Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(61671001);Guangdong Province R&D Key Program(2019B010137001);National Keystone R&D Program of China(2017YFB0803204);Shenzhen Research Programs(JSGG20170824095858416);the Shenzhen Municipal Development and Reform Commission (Disciplinary Development Program for Data Science and Intelligent Computing)

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of the Internet, the expansion of identifiers and data brings a huge challenge to the network system. However, the network resources such as Domain Name System (DNS) are monopolized by a single agency which brings a potential threat to cyberspace. The existing network architecture cannot fundamentally solve the problems of resource monopoly and low performance. Based on the blockchain, this paper designs and implements a new Multi-Identifier System (MIS), providing the analysis and management for different identifiers in the multi-identifier network. Our preliminary emulation results prove the correctness and efficiency of the algorithm. Besides, the prototype system of MIS has been tested on the real operators’ network, realizing the function of co-governing, security supervision and data protection.

Key words: blockchain, multi-identifier, co-governing

. [J]. ZTE Communications, 2020, 18(1): 7-17.

XING Kaixuan, LI Hui, YIN Feng, MA Huajun, HOU Hanxu, XU Huanle, HAN Yunghsiang S., LIU Ji, SUN Tao. Prototype of Multi-Identifier SystemBased on Voting Consensus[J]. ZTE Communications, 2020, 18(1): 7-17.

图/表 15

Figure 1 The architecture of Multi-Identifier Network.

Figure 2 Multi-Identifier Network management architecture and operation flow

Figure 3 Relationship among characters

Figure 4 The specific signature processes

Table 1. Data structure for block

Block
Final?Header		Body
Pre?Header	Contain all property of Pre-Header	$t x = t x 0, t x 1, …, t x i$
$p r e_h e a d e r_r i n g_s i g n$ $C_t i m e, ? C_s i g n$	The Commissioner node returns the superior ring signature C_time is processor timestamp C_sign is the commissioner signature of Pre-header and C_time
$R$	Random function obtained using the RandomNum algorithm that determines the butler number for the next block.
$M$	The times of cycle to generate a block
$T i m e$	Time of current block

Table 1. Data structure for block

Block
Final?Header		Body
Pre?Header	Contain all property of Pre-Header	$t x = t x 0, t x 1, …, t x i$
$p r e_h e a d e r_r i n g_s i g n$ $C_t i m e, ? C_s i g n$	The Commissioner node returns the superior ring signature C_time is processor timestamp C_sign is the commissioner signature of Pre-header and C_time
$R$	Random function obtained using the RandomNum algorithm that determines the butler number for the next block.
$M$	The times of cycle to generate a block
$T i m e$	Time of current block

Table 2. Data structure for pre-block

Pre?Block
Pre?Header		Body
$H a s h$	Unique ID of block, Hash the SHA-256	$t x = t x 0, t x 1, …, t x i$
Pre?Header	Hash Value of previous block
$H e i g h t$ （ $h$ ）	The height of current block
$H e i g h t$ $_L a s t S p e c i a l$ （ $h s$ ）	The height of special block next to the current block Especially when $? h = h s$ ， the block is a special block Special block generated every $B w$ Usually $h - h s ≤ B w$
$M$	The times of cycle to generate a block
$P u k$ （ $a d d r$ ）	Encapsulate the public key of the butler of the current block; used to prove the accounting attribution of the current block
$M e r k l e_R o o t$	Used to verify primitiveness and authenticity of all transactions
…	Custom properties section

Table 2. Data structure for pre-block

Pre?Block
Pre?Header		Body
$H a s h$	Unique ID of block, Hash the SHA-256	$t x = t x 0, t x 1, …, t x i$
Pre?Header	Hash Value of previous block
$H e i g h t$ （ $h$ ）	The height of current block
$H e i g h t$ $_L a s t S p e c i a l$ （ $h s$ ）	The height of special block next to the current block Especially when $? h = h s$ ， the block is a special block Special block generated every $B w$ Usually $h - h s ≤ B w$
$M$	The times of cycle to generate a block
$P u k$ （ $a d d r$ ）	Encapsulate the public key of the butler of the current block; used to prove the accounting attribution of the current block
$M e r k l e_R o o t$	Used to verify primitiveness and authenticity of all transactions
…	Custom properties section

Figure 5 User registration flow.

Table 3. An example of the user application table

Registration Prefix	/Jason
Name	Jason
Valid ID	E77669818
Public key	54cd12s4d6g9mj
Biometric information	fs283n2n812b59u0sk42
Phone	9876070

Table 4. User information table

Key	Value	Description
Pub_KEY	String	Pub key of user
Prefix	String	Identifier prefix
Level	Int	User permission level
Real_msg	String	Real ID
Timestamp	Double	Time

Figure 6 Resource publication flow.

Table 5. Content in inter-translation table

Key	Value	Description
Identifier	String	Resource
RealAdd	String	Real Address
Pub_KEY	String	Public Key
Hash	String	Hash Value
Timestamp	Double	Time stamp

Figure 7 The proposed prototype system for MIS.

Figure 8 Interfaces of user registration and resource publishing.

Figure 9 Status information of blockchain.

Table 6 Comparison between PBFT and PoV

The Number of Nodes		10	50	100	150	200	250
PoV	Theoretical Results	11?669	2?277	1?105	715	521	406
	Experiment Results	8?408	1?686	848	552	381	314
	Uniformization	0.7205	0.7404	0.7674	0.772	0.7312	0.77
PBFT	Theoretical Results	11?457	1?427	330	116	52	27
	Experiment Results	8?305	1?083	257	84	40	20
	Uniformization	0.7249	0.7589	0.7788	0.7241	0.7692	0.7407
Ratio	Theoretical Results	1.02	1.6	3.35	6.16	10.02	15.04
Ratio	Experiment Results	1.01	1.56	3.3	6.57	9.52	15.7

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Prototype of Multi-Identifier SystemBased on Voting Consensus

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