Over-the-top services and cloud services have created great challenges for telecom operators. To better meet the requirements of cloud services, we propose a decoupled network architecture. Software-defined networking/network function virtualization (SDN/ NFV) will be vital in the construction of cloud-oriented broadband infrastructure, especially within data centers and for interconnection between data centers. We also propose introducing SDN/NFV in the broadband access network in order to realize a virtualized residential gateway (VRG). We discuss the deployment modes of VRG.

In this paper, we discuss the concepts of quantum coding and error correction for a five-particle entangled state. Error correction can correct bit-reverse or phase-flip errors of one and two quantum states and is no longer limited to only one quantum state. We encode a single quantum state into a five-particle entangled state before being transferred to the sender. We designed an automatic error-correction circuit to correct errors caused by noise. We also simplify the design process for a multiple quantum error-correction circuit. We compare error-correction schemes for five and three entangled particles in terms of efficiency and capabilities. The results show that error-correction efficiency and fidelity are improved.